Tuhkanen 1999a.

Methods	HYBRID LASER. Tissue effect: coagulation and vaporization. Subjects blinded: Unclear
Participants	N=45 Country/Region: Finland Mean age: 67 (range 46‐78) Race: unknown Not available to follow‐up: 2 (4%)
Interventions	1. VLAP Hybrid laser group (n= 21): Nd‐YAG laser settings; 40 watts, 56 kj, 90 spd for 75 minutes. 2. TURP (n=24): Catheter protocol: yes Routine antibiotics (preop): yes Mean average of follow‐up: 6 months
Outcomes	Danish PSS‐1; PUF; MUF; RV; Prostate size; Rehospitalization/re‐operation; Adverse events.
Notes	Inclusion criteria: Prostate volume < 40 cc. Urodynamic evidence of obstruction; voiding detrusor pressure >40 cm H2O or slope detrusor pressure/urine flow >2 cm H20 mL/s.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear