Table 1.
Demographic and Health Condition Characteristics of the Sample by Feelings of Depression and Anxiety About the COVID-19 Pandemic (N = 3,122)
| Feelings of depression about the COVID-19 pandemic | Feelings of anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 3,116) | No feelings of depression about COVID-19 (n = 2,409) | Feelings of depression about COVID-19 (n = 707) | Chi-square | p | Total (n = 3,119) | No feelings of anxiety about COVID-19 (n = 2,237) | Feelings of anxiety about COVID-19 (n = 882) | Chi-square | p | |||||
| n | n | % | n | % | n | n | % | n | % | |||||
| Total (n = 3,116) | No feelings of depression about COVID-19 (n = 2,409) | Feelings of depression about COVID-19 (n = 707) | Chi-square | p | Total (n = 3,119) | No feelings of anxiety about COVID-19 (n = 2,237) | Feelings of anxiety about COVID-19 (n = 882) | Chi-square | p | |||||
| n | n | % | n | % | n | n | % | n | % | |||||
| Gender | 49.1 | <.001 | 18.2 | <.001 | ||||||||||
| Male | 1,313 | 1,096 | 45.5 | 217 | 30.7 | 1,312 | 994 | 44.4 | 318 | 36.1 | ||||
| Female | 1,803 | 1,313 | 54.5 | 490 | 69.3 | 1,807 | 1243 | 55.6 | 564 | 63.9 | ||||
| Age (years) | 6.9 | .232 | 9.3 | .097 | ||||||||||
| 65–69 | 39 | 32 | 1.3 | 7 | 1.0 | 39 | 30 | 1.3 | 9 | 1.0 | ||||
| 70–74 | 694 | 533 | 22.1 | 161 | 22.8 | 696 | 473 | 21.1 | 223 | 25.3 | ||||
| 75–79 | 866 | 692 | 28.7 | 174 | 24.6 | 868 | 630 | 28.2 | 238 | 27.0 | ||||
| 80–84 | 699 | 534 | 22.2 | 165 | 23.3 | 697 | 506 | 22.6 | 191 | 21.7 | ||||
| 85–89 | 504 | 387 | 16.1 | 117 | 16.5 | 505 | 379 | 16.9 | 126 | 14.3 | ||||
| 90+ | 314 | 231 | 9.6 | 83 | 11.7 | 314 | 219 | 9.8 | 95 | 10.8 | ||||
| Marital status | 12.0 | .038 | 7.3 | .197 | ||||||||||
| Married | 1,496 | 1,179 | 49.0 | 317 | 44.8 | 1,499 | 1,067 | 47.7 | 432 | 49.0 | ||||
| Living with a partner | 60 | 47 | 2.0 | 13 | 1.8 | 60 | 44 | 2.0 | 16 | 1.8 | ||||
| Separated | 40 | 30 | 1.2 | 10 | 1.4 | 40 | 25 | 1.1 | 15 | 1.7 | ||||
| Divorced | 377 | 284 | 11.8 | 93 | 13.2 | 376 | 270 | 12.1 | 106 | 12.0 | ||||
| Widowed | 1,036 | 776 | 32.2 | 260 | 36.8 | 1,038 | 744 | 33.3 | 294 | 33.3 | ||||
| Never married | 106 | 92 | 3.8 | 14 | 2.0 | 105 | 86 | 3.8 | 19 | 2.2 | ||||
| Worked for pay recently | 0.7 | .691 | 4.2 | .125 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 365 | 288 | 12.7 | 77 | 11.9 | 366 | 276 | 13.2 | 90 | 10.9 | ||||
| No | 2,231 | 1728 | 76.1 | 503 | 77.7 | 2,233 | 1582 | 75.5 | 651 | 79.0 | ||||
| Retired | 321 | 254 | 11.2 | 67 | 10.4 | 320 | 237 | 11.3 | 83 | 10.1 | ||||
| Race | 5.4 | .374 | 5.4 | .364 | ||||||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 2,367 | 1,831 | 77.1 | 536 | 76.6 | 2,372 | 1,715 | 77.8 | 657 | 75.3 | ||||
| Black, non-Hispanic | 514 | 396 | 16.7 | 118 | 16.9 | 512 | 362 | 16.4 | 150 | 17.2 | ||||
| Other* | 65 | 55 | 2.3 | 10 | 1.4 | 65 | 43 | 2.0 | 22 | 2.5 | ||||
| Hispanic | 128 | 92 | 3.9 | 36 | 5.1 | 128 | 84 | 3.8 | 44 | 5.0 | ||||
| Heart attack | 2.6 | .107 | 1.3 | .250 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 57 | 39 | 68.4 | 18 | 31.6 | 57 | 37 | 64.9 | 20 | 35.1 | ||||
| No | 3,054 | 2,365 | 77.4 | 689 | 22.6 | 3,057 | 2,196 | 71.8 | 861 | 28.2 | ||||
| Heart disease | 2.0 | .362 | 1.5 | .484 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 70 | 52 | 74.3 | 18 | 25.7 | 70 | 49 | 70.0 | 21 | 30.0 | ||||
| No | 2,346 | 1,827 | 77.9 | 519 | 22.1 | 2,348 | 1,696 | 72.2 | 652 | 27.8 | ||||
| High blood pressure | 0.5 | .782 | 0.6 | .751 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 43 | 34 | 79.1 | 9 | 20.9 | 44 | 30 | 68.2 | 14 | 31.8 | ||||
| No | 816 | 624 | 76.5 | 192 | 23.5 | 818 | 581 | 71.0 | 237 | 29.0 | ||||
| Arthritis | 13.4 | .001 | 18.3 | <.001 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 81 | 56 | 69.1 | 25 | 30.9 | 81 | 54 | 66.7 | 27 | 33.3 | ||||
| No | 831 | 677 | 81.5 | 154 | 18.5 | 831 | 643 | 77.4 | 188 | 22.6 | ||||
| Osteoporosis | 49.2 | <.001 | 27.5 | <.001 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 75 | 44 | 58.7 | 31 | 41.3 | 75 | 40 | 53.3 | 35 | 46.7 | ||||
| No | 2,046 | 1,654 | 80.8 | 392 | 19.2 | 2,049 | 1,523 | 74.3 | 526 | 25.7 | ||||
| Diabetes | 1.2 | .555 | 1.9 | .394 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 18 | 12 | 66.7 | 6 | 33.3 | 18 | 11 | 61.1 | 7 | 38.9 | ||||
| No | 2,241 | 1,735 | 77.4 | 506 | 22.6 | 2,245 | 1,622 | 72.2 | 623 | 27.8 | ||||
| Lung disease | 7.8 | .020 | 10.5 | .005 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 872 | 32 | 80.0 | 8 | 20.0 | 40 | 30 | 75.0 | 10 | 25.0 | ||||
| No | 872 | 1,893 | 78.4 | 523 | 21.6 | 2,417 | 1,765 | 73.0 | 652 | 27.0 | ||||
| Stroke | 0.0 | .988 | 0.0 | .891 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 62 | 48 | 77.4 | 14 | 22.6 | 62 | 44 | 71.0 | 18 | 29.0 | ||||
| No | 3,049 | 2,358 | 77.3 | 691 | 22.7 | 3,052 | 2,190 | 71.8 | 862 | 28.2 | ||||
| Dementia or Alzheimer’s | 7.0 | .030 | 16.1 | <.001 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 40 | 31 | 77.5 | 9 | 22.5 | 39 | 34 | 87.2 | 5 | 12.8 | ||||
| No | 2,922 | 2,245 | 76.8 | 677 | 23.2 | 2,925 | 2,073 | 70.9 | 852 | 29.1 | ||||
| Cancer | 0.0 | .910 | 0.4 | .550 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 192 | 149 | 77.6 | 43 | 22.4 | 192 | 134 | 69.8 | 58 | 30.2 | ||||
| No | 2,919 | 2,255 | 77.3 | 664 | 22.7 | 2,922 | 2,098 | 71.8 | 824 | 28.2 | ||||
Note: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019.
*Other races included American Indian, Asian, and Hawaiian Islander.