TABLE 4.
Distribution of the tumor location within the esophagus, among esophageal cancer cases in Malawi, by past geophagia habits (never, rarely or regular)
| Tumor location N (row %)a | Total | Chi‐squared test for differences (P‐value) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case group | Upper | Middle | Lower | ||
| Malawi men | |||||
| Never/rare | 43 (15) | 75 (27) | 160 (58) | 249 (100) | 0.66 |
| Regular | 6 (21) | 8 (29) | 14 (50) | 28 (100) | |
| Malawi women | |||||
| Never | 29 (23) | 43 (34) | 53 (43) | 125 (100) | |
| Pregnancy only | 13 (20) | 28 (43) | 24 (37) | 65 (100) | 0.39 |
| Regular | 8 (22) | 8 (22) | 21 (56) | 37 (100) | |
| Kenyan women b | |||||
| Never | 25 (44) | 18 (32) | 14 (25) | 57 (100) | 0.42 |
| Pregnancy only | 10 (30) | 14 (42) | 9 (27) | 33 (100) | |
| Tanzanian women b | |||||
| Never | 8 (24) | 17 (50) | 9 (26) | 34 (100) | 0.56 |
| Pregnancy only or regular | 3 (15) | 13 (65) | 4 (20) | 20 (100) | |
a
Analyses could not be conducted of Tanzanian male cases due to too few who had practiced geophagia (7 rare users and 2 regular).
b
Fourteen missing tumor location in Tanzania and five in Kenya.