Table 1.
Participant characteristics (N=20).
| Demographic | Values | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 66.0 (6.5) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 33.2 (4.8) | |
| Sex, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
Male | 17 (85) |
|
|
Female | 3 (15) |
| Race, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
White | 16 (80) |
|
|
Black | 4 (20) |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
Paroxysmal | 6 (30) |
|
|
Persistent | 14 (70) |
| CHAD-VASCa score, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
1 | 8 (40) |
|
|
2 | 5 (25) |
|
|
3 | 7 (35) |
| Antiarrhythmic medications, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
Amiodarone | 8 (40) |
|
|
Dofetilide | 1 (5) |
|
|
Sotalol | 1 (5) |
|
|
Propenafone | 1 (5) |
|
|
None | 9 (45) |
| Anticoagulant medications, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
Rivaroxaban | 6 (30) |
|
|
Apixaban | 8 (40) |
|
|
Dabigatran | 2 (10) |
|
|
Warfarin | 3 (15) |
|
|
None | 1 (5) |
| Rate control medications, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
Nadolol | 1 (5) |
|
|
Metoprolol succinate | 12 (60) |
|
|
Metoprolol tartrate | 1 (5) |
|
|
Diltiazem | 1 (5) |
|
|
None | 5 (25) |
| Smoking status, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
Current smoker | 0 (0) |
|
|
Former smoker | 11 (55) |
|
|
Never smoker | 9 (45) |
| CPAPb usage, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
Yes | 10 (50) |
|
|
Yes, but not compliant | 3 (15) |
|
|
No | 7 (35) |
aCHAD-VASC: Congestive heart failure (or left ventricular systolic dysfunction), hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior Stroke or TIA or thromboembolism, vascular disease (eg, peripheral artery disease, myocardial infarction, aortic plaque), age 65-74 years, sex category (ie, female sex).
bCPAP: continuous positive airway pressure.