Table 2.
Continuous treatment outcome measures.a
| Outcome measure | Observed outcomes | Contrasts | ||||||||||
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Pretreatment, mean (SD) | Posttreatment, mean (SD) | Follow-up, mean (SD) | Pre to post | Pre to follow-up | Post to follow-up | ||||||
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P value | Cohen d (95% CI) | P value | Cohen d (95% CI) | P value | Cohen d (95% CI) | |||
| AFEQTb | 66.8 (18.9) | 81.0c (17.4) | 82.6c (18.3) | <.001 | 0.80 (0.45 to 1.24) | <.001 | 0.72 (0.32 to 1.23) | .56 | −0.08 (−0.28 to −0.12) | |||
| CAQd total | 32.5 (10.2) | 19.5c (9.2) | 18.6c (8.0) | <.001 | 1.43 (0.91 to 1.94) | <.001 | 1.52 (1.07 to 2.05) | .67 | 0.10 (−0.17 to 0.45) | |||
| CAQ fear | 16.1 (5.8) | 9.4c (4.1) | 9.3c (3.7) | <.001 | 1.45 (0.88 to 2.00) | <.001 | 1.49 (0.93 to 2.10) | .79 | 0.07 (−0.27 to 0.42) | |||
| CAQ avoidance | 6.3 (4.3) | 3.8c (3.8) | 3.1e (2.8) | .003 | 0.68 (0.21 to 1.25) | .001 | 0.75 (0.29 to 1.27) | .72 | 0.08 (−0.15 to 0.33) | |||
| CAQ attention | 10.1 (3.7) | 6.3c (3.1) | 6.2c (3.4) | <.001 | 1.12 (0.64 to 1.67) | <.001 | 1.20 (0.71 to 1.73) | .72 | 0.08 (−0.18 to 0.40) | |||
| SCLf frequency | 19.2 (10.9) | 15.8g (9.9) | 15.2g (10.2) | .013 | 0.33 (0.09 to 0.78) | .01 | 0.34 (0.07 to 0.70) | .91 | 0.01 (−0.25 to 0.20) | |||
| SCL severity | 21.2 (6.3) | 19.0f (3.6) | 19.2f (4.2) | .02 | 0.46 (0.12 to 0.88) | .03 | 0.41 (0.04 to 0.94) | .81 | −0.04 (−0.32 to 0.18) | |||
| AFSSh | 10.3 (7.8) | 8.1 (6.6) | 7.6 (6.5) | .08 | 0.27 (0.02 to 0.72) | .09 | 0.27 (−0.06 to 0.66) | .998 | 0.00 (−0.32 to 0.18) | |||
| AFSS health care visits | 1.3 (2.0) | 0.6g (0.8) | 0.2e (0.4) | .046 | 0.56 (0.12 to 0.92) | .006 | 0.82 (0.33 to 1.25) | 0.36 | 0.26 (−0.08 to 0.48) | |||
| PHQ-9i | 6.1 (5.4) | 3.1e (3.3) | 3.9g (2.8) | .002 | 0.75 (0.35 to 1.32) | .02 | 0.57 (0.13 to 0.91) | .42 | −0.18 (−0.52 to 0.11) | |||
| GAD-7j | 6.1 (5.8) | 3.4e (3.1) | 3.8 (3.3) | .005 | 0.64 (0.23 to 1.06) | .01 | 0.58 (0.27 to 0.88) | .78 | −0.06 (−0.35 to 0.27) | |||
| PSS-4k | 5.7 (3.4) | 4.1c (2.4) | 4.6 (2.2) | .006 | 0.62 (0.23 to 1.07) | .094 | 0.38 (−0.14 to 0.92) | .28 | −0.24 (−0.67 to 0.04) | |||
| WHODASl | 19.0 (17.0) | 12.8e (16.8) | 11.0e (14.6) | .004 | 0.38 (0.12 to 0.86) | .001 | 0.46 (0.18 to 0.93) | .55 | 0.08 (−0.21 to 0.22) | |||
aWithin-group effect sizes (ES; Cohen d) and P-values are presented for differences between the three assessment points: pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6-month follow-up based on the piecewise linear mixed-model analysis. ES were reported with 95% CIs based on 5000 bootstrap replications.
bAFEQT: Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality-of-Life.
cP<.001.
dCAQ: Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire.
eP<.01.
fSCL: Symptoms Checklist, Frequency and Severity Scale.
gP<.05.
hAFSS: University of Toronto Atrial Fibrillation Severity Scale.
iPHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
jGAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7.
kPSS-4: Percieved Stress Scale-4.
lWHODAS: World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule.