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. 2021 Sep 1;9:180. doi: 10.1186/s40168-021-01108-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 8 — Aging-related metabolic profile in the gut microbiota was significantly reversed by the administration of arginine-enriching B. longum strains. A PLS-DA plots of fecal metabolite profiles according to the experimental group. B Numbers of metabolite features and metabolites with defined names, and trends in different concentrations between pairwise comparisons (FDR-adjusted P < 0.05 and VIP > 1). C Detected changes in metabolites related to arginine metabolism between pairwise comparisons. VIP values (before slash) and FDR-adjusted P values (after slash) are shown and highlighted in purple for all the identified differentially presented metabolites related to arginine metabolism between pairwise comparisons (FDR-adjusted P < 0.05 and VIP > 1). The cells marked by “n.s.” indicate that alterations of specific metabolites in specific comparisons did not reach significant level (FDR-adjusted P > 0.05 or VIP < 1). O series/Y series respectively denote treatments with individual positive strains/negative strains. Three positive strains are O1(278), O2 (RG4-1), and O3 (FJSWXJ10M2); three negative strains are Y1 (FGSZY16M3), Y2 (FHaNCM25GMM1), and Y3 (FSDLZ59M1). Arg, Arginine group