. 2021 Sep 2;3(4):228–235. doi: 10.1016/j.smhs.2021.08.005

Table 2.

Frequency of Self-reported Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Pre-vs During-COVID-19.

Physical Activity	Medians (IQ)		Ranks^a	n	Mean Rank	Sum of Ranks	Z^b	p-value	Effect Size^c
Physical Activity	Pre-COVID-19	During-COVID-19	Ranks^a	n	Mean Rank	Sum of Ranks	Z^b	p-value	Effect Size^c
Vigorous (days/week)	2 (1–4)	1 (0–2)	(−) Ranks	169	105.91	17899.5	−7.973	< 0.001	0.49
			(+) Ranks	40	101.14	4045.5	−7.973	< 0.001	0.49
			Ties	51
			Total	260

Moderate (days/week)	4 (2–5)	1 (1–3)	(−) Ranks	194	120.99	23471.5	−9.444	< 0.001	0.59
			(+) Ranks	40	100.59	4023.50	−9.444	< 0.001	0.59
			Ties	26
			Total	260

Light (days/week)	4 (3–5)	2 (1–4)	(−) Ranks	177	120.59	21344.5	−8.896	< 0.001	0.55
			(+) Ranks	48	85.01	4080.5	−8.896	< 0.001	0.55
			Ties	35
			Total	260

Sedentary Behavior (hours/day)	4 (2–5)	7 (5–9)	(−) Ranks	25	77.24	1931.0	11.248	< 0.001	0.70
			(+) Ranks	204	119.63	24404.0	11.248	< 0.001	0.70
			Ties	31
			Total	260

Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare changes in physical activity & sedentary behavior pre- and during-COVID-19 quarantine. Data were presented as median and interquartile range. Statistical significance was accepted when p < 0.05.

Ranks: (−) rank = frequency during quarantine < frequency pre quarantine; (+) rank = frequency during quarantine > frequency pre quarantine.

Z = the Wilcoxon signed-rank test statistic value based on the sum of ranks comparison.

Effect size criteria: 0.1 = small, 0.3 = medium, 0.5 = large.