. 2021 Sep 2;3(4):228–235. doi: 10.1016/j.smhs.2021.08.005

Table 3.

Self-Reported Frequencies of Dietary Behavior Pre-vs During-COVID-19.

Dietary Behavior	Medians (IQ)^a		Ranks^b	n	Mean Rank	Sum of Ranks	Z^c	p-value	Effect Size^d
Dietary Behavior	Pre-COVID-19	During-COVID-19	Ranks^b	n	Mean Rank	Sum of Ranks	Z^c	p-value	Effect Size^d
Meals at home	3 (2–4)	3 (2–4)	(−) Ranks	52	62.85	3268.0	−3.911	< 0.001	0.26
			(+) Ranks	91	77.23	7028.0	−3.911	< 0.001	0.26
			Ties	89
			Total	232

Meals outside of the home	2 (1–2)	2 (1–2)	(−) Ranks	80	81.49	6519.0	−0.146	0.884	0.01
			(+) Ranks	82	81.59	6684.0	−0.146	0.884	0.01
			Ties	70
			Total	232

Average Alcohol Consumption	1 (1–2)	1 (1–2)	(−) Ranks	31	54.68	1695.0	−4.022	< 0.001	0.26
			(+) Ranks	77	54.43	4191.0	−4.022	< 0.001	0.26
			Ties	124
			Total	232

Average Fruit Consumption	2 (2–3)	2 (2–3)	(−) Ranks	65	54.39	3535.5	−2.116	0.034	0.14
			(+) Ranks	42	53.39	2242.5	−2.116	0.034	0.14
			Ties	125
			Total	232

Average Vegetable Consumption	3 (2–4)	3 (2–4)	(−) Ranks	63	56.80	3578.5	−0.024	0.981	0.002
			(+) Ranks	56	63.60	3561.5	−0.024	0.981	0.002
			Ties	113
			Total	232

Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare changes in dietary habits pre- and during-COVID-19 quarantine. Data were presented as median and interquartile range. Statistical significance was accepted when p < 0.05.

Meals in/out of home & Alcohol consumption: 1 = < once/week; 2 = 1 to 3 times/week; 3 = 4 to 6 times/week; 4 = once to twice/day; 5 = ≥ 3 times/day; Fruit/Vegetable consumption: 1 = < once/week; 2 = 1 to 3 times/week; 3 = 4 to 6 times/week; 4 = once to twice/day; 5 = 3 to 4 times/day; 6 = > 4 times/day.

Ranks: (−) rank = frequency during quarantine < frequency pre quarantine; (+) rank = frequency during quarantine > frequency pre quarantine.

Z = the Wilcoxon signed-rank test statistic value based on the sum of ranks comparison.

Effect size criteria: 0.1 = small, 0.3 = medium, 0.5 = large.