Table 4.
Self-Reported Daily Frequency of Dietary Servings Pre-vs During-COVID-19.
| Dietary Behavior | Medians (IQ) |
Ranksa | n | Mean Rank | Sum of Ranks | Zb | p-value | Effect Sizec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-COVID-19 | During-COVID-19 | ||||||||
| Average Alcohol Intake (drinks/day) | 0.058 (0.058–0.286) | 0.058 (0.058–0.286) | (−) Ranks | 31 | 48.81 | 1513.0 | −4.442 | < 0.001 | 0.29 |
| (+) Ranks | 77 | 56.79 | 4373.0 | ||||||
| Ties | 124 | ||||||||
| Total | 232 | ||||||||
| Average Fruit Intake (servings/day) | 0.283 (0.217–0.707) | 0.217 (0.057–0.707) | (−) Ranks | 65 | 50.42 | 3277.5 | −1.21 | 0.226 | 0.08 |
| (+) Ranks | 42 | 59.54 | 2500.5 | ||||||
| Ties | 125 | ||||||||
| Total | 232 | ||||||||
| Average Vegetable Intake (servings/day) | 0.352 (0.141–0.739) | 0.352 (0.141–0.739) | (−) Ranks | 63 | 54.14 | 3411.0 | −0.422 | 0.673 | 0.03 |
| (+) Ranks | 56 | 66.59 | 3729.0 | ||||||
| Ties | 113 | ||||||||
| Total | 232 | ||||||||
Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare changes in daily consumption of alcohol, fruits, and vegetables pre- and during-COVID-19 quarantine. Data were converted from weekly frequencies of food consumptions, according to NHANES dietary screener, and presented as median and interquartile range. Statistical significance was accepted when p < 0.05.
a
Ranks: (−) rank = daily servings during quarantine < daily servings pre-quarantine; (+) rank = daily servings during quarantine > daily servings pre-quarantine.
b
Z = the Wilcoxon signed-rank test statistic value based on the sum of ranks comparison.
c
Effect size criteria: 0.1 = small, 0.3 = medium, 0.5 = large.