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. 2021 Sep 2;338:537–547. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.061

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© 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Fig. 4 — In vitro cytotoxicity and cell uptake of PVES/mRNA complexes. (A) Cell viability of HEK-293T, HeLa, Vero and DC2.4 cells after being transfected with PVES/mRNA, PEI1.8 k/mRNA and PEI25k/mRNA at N/P of 32 and 40 for 24 h. (B) HEK-293T cell viability at the presence of PVES, PEI 25 k and PEI 1.8 k at different concentrations for 48 h, respectively. (C) Cell uptake of PVES/MFP488-labeled luciferase mRNA by HEK-293T cells after 4 h transfection. (D) Time-dependent uptake of PVES/MFP488-labeled luciferase mRNA by HEK-293T cells. Data were shown as mean ± SEM. Significance was calculated using unpaired t-test (**, p < 0.01, ****, P < 0.0001).