Table 1.
Agents with putative effects on neutrophils in patients with cancer.
| Target | Effects on neutrophils | Agent | Study object |
|---|---|---|---|
| TGFβ pathway inhibitor | Promote the development of neutrophils with an antitumor phenotype (165) | Galunisertib (a TGFβR1 kinase inhibitor) | Humans (NCT02734160, NCT01582269, NCT01682187, NCT02452008) |
| Fresolimumab (an anti- TGFβ monoclonal antibody) | Humans (NCT02581787) | ||
| CD47-SIRPα inhibitor | Delay the transmigration of neutrophils to tumor tissues, thus inducing macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of tumor cells (202, 203) | Hu5F9-G4 | Humans (NCT02216409) |
| IBI188 | Humans (NCT03717103) | ||
| CC-90002 | Humans (NCT02367196) | ||
| TRAIL-R agonist | Triggers neutrophil apoptosis and clearance from tissues by targeting TRAIL-Rs expressed on neutrophils (204, 205) | Mapatumumab | Humans (NCT01088347) |
| AMG 951 | Humans (NCT00508625) | ||
| TRM-1 | Humans (NCT00092924) | ||
| ACKR2 | a novel immune checkpoint that regulates neutrophil differentiation, mobilization to tumor tissues and anti- metastatic activity in animal study (206) | – | – |
| Chemokine signaling | |||
| CXCR1/CXCR2 | Inhibit neutrophil recruitment to the tumor; attenuate granulocytosis, neutrophil recruitment and vascular permeability by inhibiting the CXCR2 chemotactic axis (207, 208) | SX-682 | Humans (NCT03161431) |
| Raparixin | Humans (NCT02370238, NCT02001974) | ||
| CCR5 | Inhibit both the release of immature neutrophils from bone marrow and their recruitment to the tumor (209, 210) | Maraviroc | Humans (NCT03274804, NCT01736813) |