Fig. 3.

Simulated control coefficients of individual factors over net CO₂ assimilation rate (A_n) during steady-state conditions. Light reactions and stomatal diffusion (B), C₄ (C) and CBB cycle (D) enzymes, in maize. The individual factors are numbered and indicated in the diagrammatic representation in (A). Control coefficients were computed as the first derivative of A_n normalized to each respective control factor X (dA_n/dX). Environmental settings for the simulation were air temperature of 28 °C, photosynthetically active radiation of 1800 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, ambient CO₂ concentration of 410 ppm, and air vapour pressure deficit (VPD) of 1.5 kPa. For a full description of the model and parameters, see Wang et al. (2021).