Table 1.

Biochemical and anaplerotic characteristics of triheptanoin and DODA.

Triheptanoin

DODA

Not water soluble Metabolized in mitochondria Anaplerosis: oxidized to acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA Induce ketogenesis (C5 and C4 ketone bodies) Effect on glucose metabolism: significantly decreases hypoglycemia episodes in VLCAD affected individuals [35] Energy characteristics: 8.3 kcal/mL (DOJOLVITM (triheptanoin) oral liquid data from www.fda.gov (accessed on 29 June 2020)) Effect on Krebs cycle intermediates: increase plasma citrate, aconitate, fumarate, and malate in VLCAD affected individuals [18] Effect on lipids profile: increase in odd chain sphingomyelins, phosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylethanolamines in VLCAD affected individuals [18]

Water-soluble Metabolized in peroxisomes and mitochondria Anaplerosis: oxidized to acetyl- CoA and succinyl-CoA [22,31,36] Does not induce ketogenesis Effect on glucose metabolism: induces a sparing effect on whole-body glucose uptake, in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [23] Energy characteristics: 7.2 kcal/g [22] Effect on Krebs cycle intermediates: increases succinate levels [22,31,37] Effect on lipids profile: unknown