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. 2021 Sep 1;10(9):e28337. doi: 10.2196/28337

Table 2.

Outcome measures used to collect data at each of the four time points.

Measure Construct Items, n Subscales, n Names of subscales Response range and anchors Scoring and score range
Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25 Resilience 25 1 N/Aa 0 (not true at all) to
4 (true nearly all the time)		 0 (minimum) to
100 (maximum)
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Generalized anxiety and depression 14 2

  • Anxiety

  • Depression

 0 (none) to
4 (extreme)		 0 (none/low) to
40 (extreme)
Keele Assessment of Participation Activity participation 11 1 N/A 1 (all the time) to
5 (none of the time)		 Restricted (some, little, none) and
not restricted (all, most)
Life Space Assessment Space mobility 9 1 N/A Life-space level (1-5),
the degree of independence (2=no assistance, 1.5=equipment only, and 1=personal assistance), and
the frequency of movement (1=less than once a week, 2=1-3 times each week, 3=4-6 times each week, and 4=daily)		 0 (totally bedbound) to
120 (moved out of town every day without assistance)
Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Social support 12 3

  • Family

  • Friends

  • Significant other

 1 (very strongly disagree) to
7 (very strongly agree)		 12 to 84
Multidimensional State Boredom Scale State boredom 29 5

  • Targeting disengagement

  • High arousal

  • Inattention

  • Low arousal

  • Time perception

 1 (strongly disagree) to
7 (strongly agree)		 29 to 203
Social Networking Usage Questionnaire Social networking usage 19 1 N/A 1 (never) to
5 (always)		 19 to 95
Technology Readiness Index 2.0 Individual’s technology readiness 16 4

  • Optimism

  • Innovativeness

  • Discomfort

  • Insecurity

 1 (strongly disagree) to
5 (strongly agree)		 16 to 80

aN/A: not applicable; this subscale did not have a unique name.