Figure 3. .

Lagged consonance analysis reveals musicians harmonize with preceding notes of their partner. Points denote average emergent consonance (EC) at a given lag across every piece within each condition, error bars denote standard error of the mean. Negative lags correspond to notes of the live musician merged with future notes of the ghost recording (live-to-ghost) and vise versa for positive lags (ghost-to-live). Linear fits of EC by lag are shown for negative and positive lags in each condition.