Table 3. Underlying medical conditions reported in interviews or medical records among persons with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, by hospitalization status (n = 364)—Colorado, March 2020.
| Hospitalized (n = 128) | Non-hospitalized (n = 236) | Crude OR1 (95%CI) | Adjusted OR2 (95%CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 75 (59) | 49 (21) | 5.4 (3.37–8.66) | 1.11 (0.51–2.43) | ||
| Hypertension | 68 (53) | 29 (12) | 8.09 (4.80–13.62) | 3.14 (1.47–6.71) | ||
| Coronary artery disease, heart attack | 23 (18) | 4 (2) | 12.7 (4.29–37.66) | 3.33 (0.87–12.77) | ||
| Heart failure, congestive heart failure | 9 (7) | 1 (0) | 17.77 (2.23–141.94) | 2.47 (0.25–24.85) | ||
| Cerebrovascular accident, stroke | 3 (2) | 3 (1) | -- | -- | ||
| Congenital heart disease | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Valvular heart disease | 2 (2) | 1 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Arrhythmia | 17 (13) | 10 (4) | 3.46 (1.53–7.81) | 2.95 (1.00–8.68) | ||
| Hyperlipidemia3 | 27 (21) | 8 (3) | -- | -- | ||
| Chronic lung disease | 56 (44) | 51 (22) | 2.82 (1.77–4.50) | 1.82 (0.97–3.39) | ||
| Asthma or reactive airway disease | 24 (19) | 36 (15) | 1.28 (0.73–2.26) | 1.17 (0.54–2.54) | ||
| Emphysema, COPD, or chronic bronchitis | 18 (14) | 6 (3) | 6.27 (2.42–16.24) | 3.01 (0.80–11.31) | ||
| Interstitial lung disease | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Pulmonary fibrosis | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Restrictive lung disease | 3 (2) | 1 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Sarcoidosis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Cystic fibrosis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Chronic hypoxemic respiratory failure with oxygen requirement | 13 (10) | 1 (0) | 26.57 (3.43–205.56) | 14.64 (1.45–147.93) | ||
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 18 (14) | 10 (4) | 3.7 (1.65–8.28) | 0.67 (0.23–1.97) | ||
| Active tuberculosis | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | -- | -- | ||
| Endocrine disorder | 65 (51) | 54 (23) | 3.48 (2.19–5.51) | 1.81 (0.91–3.59) | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 34 (27) | 20 (8) | 3.9 (2.14–7.14) | 1.08 (0.45–2.61) | ||
| Pre-diabetes | 10 (8) | 13 (6) | 1.45 (0.62–3.42) | 0.9 (0.31–2.57) | ||
| Hypothyroidism3 | 18 (14) | 15 (6) | -- | -- | ||
| Renal disease | 25 (20) | 11 (5) | 4.96 (2.35–10.47) | 1.71 (0.62–4.70) | ||
| Chronic kidney disease or insufficiency | 13 (10) | 5 (2) | 5.22 (1.82–15.00) | 0.66 (0.15–2.91) | ||
| End-stage renal disease | 5 (4) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Dialysis | 4 (3) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Hemodialysis | 3 (2) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Peritoneal | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Liver disease | 9 (7) | 4 (2) | 4.39 (1.32–14.54) | 2.21 (0.49–10.04) | ||
| Alcoholic hepatitis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Chronic liver disease | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Cirrhosis or end stage liver disease | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Hepatitis B, chronic | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Hepatitis C, chronic | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | 2 (2) | 3 (1) | -- | -- | ||
| Autoimmune disorder | 13 (10) | 11 (5) | 2.31 (1.00–5.32) | 2.58 (0.82–8.16) | ||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 4 (3) | 2 (1) | -- | -- | ||
| Systemic lupus | 1 (1) | 1 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Hematologic disorder | 21 (16) | 14 (6) | 3.11 (1.52–6.36) | 2.18 (0.88–5.43) | ||
| Anemia | 13 (10) | 7 (3) | 3.7 (1.43–9.52) | 2.04 (0.56–7.44) | ||
| Sickle cell disease | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Sickle cell trait | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Bleeding or clotting disorder | 5 (4) | 2 (1) | -- | -- | ||
| Immunocompromised condition | 9 (7) | 10 (4) | 1.71 (0.68–4.32) | 1.42 (0.39–5.13) | ||
| HIV infection | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| AIDS | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Solid organ transplant | 3 (2) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Stem cell transplant | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Leukemia | 1 (1) | 1 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Lymphoma | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Multiple myeloma | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Splenectomy or asplenia | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | -- | -- | ||
| Cancer | 22 (17) | 18 (8) | 2.51 (1.29–4.89) | 1.6 (0.66–3.86) | ||
| IV chemotherapy | 6 (5) | 5 (2) | 2.27 (0.68–7.60) | 2.79 (0.57–13.65) | ||
| Oral chemotherapy | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | -- | -- | ||
| Radiation | 6 (5) | 6 (3) | 1.89 (0.60–5.97) | 1.51 (0.36–6.35) | ||
| Other | 12 (9) | 9 (4) | 2.61 (1.07–6.37) | 1.86 (0.55–6.31) | ||
| Neurologic or neurodevelopmental disorder | 27 (21) | 16 (7) | 3.68 (1.90–7.12) | 1.61 (0.66–3.92) | ||
| Migraines3 | 3 (2) | 11 (5) | -- | -- | ||
| Dementia3 | 4 (3) | 5 (2) | -- | -- | ||
| Psychiatric diagnosis | 40 (31) | 49 (21) | 1.73 (1.06–2.83) | 1.17 (0.58–2.36) | ||
| Depression3 | 27 (21) | 30 (13) | -- | -- | ||
| Anxiety3 | 21 (16) | 32 (14) | -- | -- | ||
| Other chronic diseases | 78 (61) | 51 (22) | -- | -- | ||
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease3 | 20 (16) | 5 (2) | -- | -- | ||
| Allergic rhinitis3 | 8 (6) | 11 (5) | -- | -- | ||
| Arthritis3 | 14 (11) | 5 (2) | -- | -- | ||
| Chronic pain3 | 7 (5) | 1 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia3 | 7 (5) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Bone density abnormality3 | 2 (2) | 4 (2) | -- | -- | ||
| BMI 4 (kg/m 2 ) | ||||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 3 (2) | 1 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Normal (18.5 to <25) | 23 (18) | 93 (39) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Overweight (25 to <30) | 31 (24) | 85 (36) | 1.48 (0.80–2.73) | 0.66 (0.29–1.49) | ||
| Obese (30+) | 67 (52) | 54 (23) | 5.02 (2.81–8.96) | 3.35 (1.58–7.09) | ||
| Class 1 (30 to <35) | 38 (30) | 34 (14) | 4.52 (2.36–8.66) | -- | ||
| Class 2 (35 to <40) | 20 (16) | 15 (6) | 5.39 (2.40–12.12) | -- | ||
| Class 3 (40+) | 9 (7) | 5 (2) | 7.28 (2.23–23.80) | -- | ||
| Unknown | 4 (3) | 3 (1) | -- | -- | ||
| Metabolic Syndrome 5 | 19 (15) | 2 (1) | 20.39 (4.67–89.11) | 5.71 (1.18–27.54) | ||
Abbreviations: CI–confidence interval; OR–odds ratio.
1Exact methods were used in crude analysis if there was one or more expected cell count less than 5.
2Multivariable model used for adjustment included age, sex, race, ethnicity, insurance status, ever smoking, alcohol use, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic renal disease, and chronic respiratory disease.
3These variables were categorized from free text responses to “Other” chronic disease answers. Because they were not collected systematically like the other underlying medical conditions, descriptive statistics alone are reported.
4Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight reported during interviews.
5Multivariable model when investigating metabolic syndrome did not include individual hypertension, diabetes, and BMI variables.