Table 2.
Comparison between VSL estimates (in million USD).
| Country | VSL (model) |
VSL (estimated) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 2015 | |||
| Argentina | 3.99 | 4.20 | 2.14 | |
| Australia | 7.27 | 7.96 | 10.34 | |
| Brazil | 2.21 | 2.41 | 1.70 | |
| Canada | 7.36 | 7.99 | 8.18 | |
| China | 0.66 | 1.11 | 1.36 | |
| France | 6.65 | 6.71 | 6.98 | |
| Germany | 7.40 | 7.78 | 7.90 | |
| India | 0.47 | 0.68 | 0.28 | |
| Italy | 7.48 | 7.04 | 5.65 | |
| Japan | 6.17 | 6.40 | 6.68 | |
| Russian Federation | 3.09 | 3.44 | 1.97 | |
| South Africa | 1.62 | 1.75 | 1.05 | |
| Spain | 6.13 | 6.21 | 4.91 | |
| United Kingdom | 7.77 | 8.39 | 7.47 | |
| United States | 10.85 | 11.68 | 9.63 | |
Note: The longevity elasticity is 0.061 and 0.051 for 2010 and 2015, respectively, and is based on our estimates using World Bank data. The VSL (model) is calculated within our framework, while the VSL (estimated) is from Viscusi and Masterman (2017).