Table 3.
Macro-efficiency score and health expenditure (% of GDP) in 2010 and 2015 using a longevity elasticity estimate of 0.04 (Gallet and Doucouliagos, 2017).
| Country | 2010 |
2015 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Macro-efficiency score | Health expenditure (% of GDP) | Macro-efficiency score | Health expenditure (% of GDP) | |
| Argentina | 0.74 | 9.45 | 0.69 | 8.79 |
| Australia | 0.66 | 8.43 | 0.73 | 9.31 |
| Brazil | 0.64 | 7.95 | 0.73 | 8.87 |
| Canada | 0.85 | 10.68 | 0.83 | 10.51 |
| China | 0.38 | 4.21 | 0.42 | 4.89 |
| France | 0.91 | 11.24 | 0.93 | 11.46 |
| Germany | 0.87 | 11.10 | 0.88 | 11.09 |
| India | 0.28 | 3.27 | 0.30 | 3.60 |
| Italy | 0.70 | 8.92 | 0.71 | 8.99 |
| Japan | 0.74 | 9.16 | 0.90 | 10.89 |
| Russian Federation | 0.36 | 4.97 | 0.39 | 5.30 |
| South Africa | 0.53 | 7.42 | 0.61 | 8.20 |
| Spain | 0.73 | 9.12 | 0.73 | 9.11 |
| United Kingdom | 0.78 | 9.99 | 0.75 | 9.69 |
| United States | 1.31 | 16.35 | 1.35 | 16.84 |
Note: The longevity elasticity of 0.04 is estimated within a meta-regression consisting of 65 studies completed over the 1969–2014 period (Gallet and Doucouliagos, 2017). A macro-efficiency score in excess of 1 indicates overspending, while a score below 1 indicates underspending on healthcare. Health expenditure (% of GDP) is based on World Bank data.