Table.
Mean body weight at entry to the National Health Service Diabetes Prevention Programme during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the preceding 3 years
| Participants entering the programme in 2017–20 | Participants entering the programme in 2020–21 | Mean baseline weight in 2017–20, kg | Mean baseline weight in 2020–21, kg | Unadjusted weight difference, kg | Adjusted weight difference, kg* | p value for adjusted weight difference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | ||||||||
| <40 | 7169 (3%) | 3258 (7%) | 91·4 (90·8–92·0) | 95·3 (94·4–96·3) | 3·9 (2·8 to 5·0) | 3·00 (2·22 to 3·78) | <0·0001 | |
| 40–64 | 84 641 (41%) | 24 180 (52%) | 88·6 (88·5–88·8) | 90·6 (90·3–90·9) | 1·9 (1·6 to 2·2) | 1·67 (1·4 to 1·94) | <0·0001 | |
| 65–74 | 73 703 (35%) | 12 402 (27%) | 82·9 (82·8–83·1) | 82·6 (82·2–82·9) | −0·4 (−0·7 to 0·0) | −0·58 (−0·93 to −0·22) | 0·0014 | |
| ≥75 | 42 541 (20%) | 6229 (14%) | 77·2 (77·1–77·4) | 76·2 (75·8–76·6) | −1·0 (−1·4 to −0·6) | −1·19 (−1·68 to −0·69) | <0·0001 | |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 114 142 (55%) | 25 776 (56%) | 79·0 (78·9–79·1) | 82·7 (82·4–82·9) | 3·7 (3·4 to 4·0) | 1·54 (1·28 to 1·79) | <0·0001 | |
| Male | 93 464 (45%) | 20 253 (44%) | 91·0 (90·9–91·1) | 92·1 (91·8–92·4) | 1·1 (0·8 to 1·4) | −0·40 (−0·69 to −0·12) | 0·0058 | |
| Unknown | 448 (<1%) | 40 (<1%) | 82·6 (81–84·3) | 82·2 (75·3–89·1) | −0·4 (−6·3 to 5·4) | NA | NA | |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Asian | 23 228 (11%) | 5752 (12%) | 76·2 (76·0–76·4) | 77·9 (77·5–78·4) | 1·7 (1·3 to 2·2) | −0·03 (−0·56 to 0·50) | 0·91 | |
| Black | 12 073 (6%) | 3163 (7%) | 87·0 (86·7–87·3) | 89·2 (88·5–89·9) | 2·2 (1·5 to 3·0) | 0·62 (−0·10 to 1·34) | 0·092 | |
| Mixed | 3422 (2%) | 883 (2%) | 85·1 (84·5–85·8) | 88·4 (86·8–90·0) | 3·3 (1·7 to 4·9) | 0·82 (−0·54 to 2·18) | 0·24 | |
| Other | 3071 (1%) | 576 (1%) | 80·6 (80·0–81·3) | 82·0 (80·2–83·7) | 1·3 (−0·4 to 3·0) | −0·65 (−2·28 to 0·99) | 0·44 | |
| White | 152 775 (73%) | 34 232 (74%) | 85·5 (85·4–85·6) | 88·2 (87·9–88·4) | 2·7 (2·4 to 2·9) | 0·82 (0·60 to 1·04) | <0·0001 | |
| Unknown | 13 485 (6%) | 1463 (3%) | 83·9 (83·5–84·2) | 85·4 (84·3–86·5) | 1·6 (0·5 to 2·6) | NA | NA | |
| Deprivation quintile | ||||||||
| IMD 1 (most deprived) | 34 899 (17%) | 7615 (17%) | 86·5 (86·2–86·7) | 89·6 (89·0–90·1) | 3·1 (2·6 to 3·6) | 1·53 (1·07 to 2·00) | <0·0001 | |
| IMD 2 | 38 295 (18%) | 8494 (18%) | 85·1 (84·9–85·3) | 88·4 (87·9–88·9) | 3·2 (2·8 to 3·7) | 1·45 (1·01 to 1·89) | <0·0001 | |
| IMD 3 | 41 715 (20%) | 9494 (21%) | 84·3 (84·1–84·5) | 86·4 (85·9–86·8) | 2·1 (1·6 to 2·5) | 0·32 (−0·10 to 0·74) | 0·13 | |
| IMD 4 | 44 176 (21%) | 9997 (22%) | 83·8 (83·6–84·0) | 86·0 (85·6–86·5) | 2·2 (1·8 to 2·7) | 0·37 (−0·04 to 0·78) | 0·074 | |
| IMD 5 (least deprived) | 48 670 (23%) | 10 428 (23%) | 82·9 (82·8–83·1) | 84·7 (84·3–85·1) | 1·8 (1·4 to 2·2) | 0·06 (−0·34 to 0·45) | 0·77 | |
| Unknown | 299 (<1%) | 41 (<1%) | 85·2 (83·0–87·5) | 85·5 (77·9–93·1) | 0·3 (−6·4 to 7·0) | NA | NA | |
| Total | 208 054 (100%) | 46 069 (100%) | 84·4 (84·3–84·5) | 86·8 (86·6–87·0) | 2·4 (2·2 to 2·6) | 0·68 (0·49 to 0·87)† | <0·0001 | |
Data are n (%), mean (95% CI), or p values. Adjusted mean difference was not calculated for unknown categories. NA=not applicable. IMD=Index of Multiple Deprivation.
*
Adjusted mean weight differences for a given characteristic were calculated using a multivariable linear regression model incorporating an interaction term between time period and the given characteristic.
†
This value relates to a regression model incorporating all characteristics.