In this review and analysis of studies of IVC filters versus none in patients at risk of PE, the results were limited by the small number of patients (total N = 4,204 patients, but fewer for some outcomes), methodological limitations with the included studies, and clinical heterogeneity across the studies. Summary results suggested that for every 100 patients, there would be 5 fewer subsequent PEs, 2 excess DVTs, and no change in all-cause mortality. The results appeared more favorable in limited scenarios that resembled guidelines indications, although no randomized trials existed. DVT = deep vein thrombosis; IVC = inferior vena cava; PE = pulmonary embolism.