Table 3.

Marine-derived sulfated polysaccharides having inhibitory properties against SAR-CoV-2

Compound name	Mechanism of action	References
Iota-carrageenan derived nasal spray	In-vitro inhibition of COVID-19	Bansal et al. 2020
Carrageenan-derived nasal spray	2.5% decrease in recurring symptoms	Koenighofer et al. 2014
Carrageenan and fucoidan	Binds with s-glycoprotein of virus	Song et al. 2020
Iota-carrageenan derived lozenges	S-glycoprotein denaturation	Morokutti-Kurz et al. 2017
Iota-carrageenan and fucoidan kappa carrageenan	Prevention of respiratory tract infections	Grassauer et al. 2008
Iota-carrageenan-derived nasal spray	Upper respiratory tract nasal congestion	Graf et al. 2018
Iota-carrageenan	The increased recovery rate from COVID-19 infection by 2.4-fold	Hemilia et al., 2020
Lambda-carrageenan	Prevents viral attachment to receptors of cell surface	Jang et al. 2020
Fucoidan	Binding of sulfated polysaccharides with s-glycoprotein	Kwon et al. 2020