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. 2021 Sep 2;6:112. doi: 10.1038/s41541-021-00371-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — The successful SA14-14-2 vaccine strain was derived after multiple attempts to attenuate WT strain SA14. The first of these attempts, Clone12-1-7, was generated by mouse and cell culture passage. It was then UV irradiated to generate SA14-2-8 and further mouse passaged to generate SA14-5-3. Both of these vaccine strains were shown to be overly attenuated in humans so SA14-5-3 was passaged in suckling mice which generated the currently utilized SA14-14-2.