Table 3.
Linear mixed models estimating the effect of time after Covid-19 onset on children’s behavioral and emotion problems.
| Predictors | Conduct problems (log) | Emotional problems (log) | Hyperactivity (log) | Peer problems (log) | Prosocial behavior | Total (log) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimates (SE) | CI (95%) | p | Estimates (SE) | CI (95%) | p | Estimates (SE) | CI (95%) | p | Estimates (SE) | CI (95%) | p | Estimates (SE) | CI (95%) | p | Estimates (SE) | CI (95%) | p | |
| Intercept | 1.02 (0.15) | 0.73–1.32 | 0.55 (0.17) | 0.23–0.88 | 1.38 (0.14) | 1.10–1.67 | 1.04 (0.14) | 0.77–1.31 | 5.96 (0.46) | 5.06–6.86 | 2.20 (0.15) | 1.91–2.49 | ||||||
| Duration (weeks) | − 0.04 (0.01) | − 0.07 to − 0.01 | 0.012 | − 0.003 (0.02) | − 0.03 to 0.03 | 0.834 | − 0.03 (0.01) | − 0.05 to − 0.00 | 0.047 | − 0.03 (0.01) | − 0.06 to − 0.01 | 0.016 | 0.08 (0.05) | − 0.00 to 0.17 | 0.075 | − 0.04 (0.01) | − 0.07 to − 0.02 | 0.001 |
| ICC | 0.77 | 0.49 | 0.72 | 0.56 | 0.58 | 0.66 | ||||||||||||
| N | 130/26 | 130/26 | 130/26 | 130/26 | 130/26 | 130/26 | ||||||||||||
SE standard error, CI confidence interval, Duration (weeks) fixed effect, weeks passed since restrictions have been introduced, ICC intraclass correlation coefficient, N (number of observations)/(number of participants), p values have been estimated using Satterthwaite approximation, significant effects in bold.