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. 2021 Sep 2;4:1033. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02535-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — All participants respected a constant sleep/wake schedule for 3 nights before the experimental session. Compliance to the schedule was checked using Actigraphy. On the day of the experimental session, participants were trained on a motor sequence learning (MSL) task (bimanual finger-tapping task) during fMRI. The task was performed in a self-initiated manner and required participants to learn an eight-element sequence. Prior to MSL, subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups according to whether they were exposed to the stress (SECPT) or control intervention. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data were acquired at baseline (pre-intervention; MRS base) and post intervention/learning (MRS post). Immediately before MSL, the effect of stress on general motor execution (GME) was assessed using a random serial reaction time task (see Supplementary Results). Salivary samples were collected at baseline (B1 änd B2, immediately before and after MRS base, respectively), at the start of the SECPT/control intervention (T0’), before MSL (T25’), immediately before (T60’) and after MRS post (T90’). Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were taken before, during and after the intervention. PVT, Psychomotor Vigilance Testing; SECPT, Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Task.