Figure 2.

Fully adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) of sleep quality* characteristics for Hispanic/Latino heritage groups of adults compared with non-Hispanic White adults by language acculturation status,** National Health Interview Survey, 2004–2017. *Trouble falling asleep, trouble staying asleep, sleep medication use and non-restorative sleep were measured during the survey years 2013–2017. **Language acculturation categories include high (English only interview), medium (English and Spanish interview) and low (Spanish only interview). Adjusted for age (18–30, 31–49, 50–64, 65+ years), sex/gender (male, female), annual household income (<$35 000, $35 000–$74 999, $75 000+), educational attainment (<high school, high school graduate, some college, ≥college), unemployed/not in the labour force (yes, no), occupational class (professional/management, support services, labourers), marital/cohabitating status (married/cohabitating, divorced/widowed, single), region of residence (Northeast, Midwest, South, West), alcohol consumption (never, former, current), serious psychological distress (Kessler-6 Psychological Distress Scale score ≥13), ‘ideal’ cardiovascular health (never smoking/quit >12 months prior to interview, body mass index <25 kg/m², meeting physical activity guidelines, and no prior diagnosis of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, or diabetes/pre-diabetes) and cancer. All estimates are weighted for the survey’s complex sampling design. Certain associations were not estimable due to small sample sizes and are, therefore, not provided (eg, long sleep duration among adults of Central/South American heritage with medium acculturation compared with non-Hispanic White adults).