Table 5.
Fully adjusted prevalence ratios of sleep characteristics for Hispanic/Latino heritage groups of adults compared with foreign-born non-Hispanic White adults, National Health Interview Survey, 2004–2017 (N=56 372)
| Group (n) | Prevalence ratio (95% CI) | ||||||
| Sleep duration (reference: recommended (7–9 hours)) |
Sleep quality in the past week | ||||||
| Very short (≤5 hours) (n=4115) |
Short (<7 hours) (n=14 048) |
Long (>9 hours) (n=1586) |
Trouble falling asleep (≥3 nights) (n=3431) |
Trouble staying asleep (≥3 nights) (n=3520) |
Non-restorative sleep (≥3 days) (n=7734) |
Sleep medication use (≥3 nights) (n=1073) |
|
|
Foreign-born non-Hispanic White adults (n=8857) |
Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Mexican adults | |||||||
| Overall (n=30 100) |
1.10 (0.96 to 1.26) |
1.12
(1.05 to 1.18) |
1.06 (0.86 to 1.31) |
0.92 (0.81 to 1.05) |
0.87
(0.78 to 0.97) |
1.06 (0.99 to 1.14) |
0.92 (0.73 to 1.14) |
| US-born (yes) (n=14 282) |
1.17
(1.02 to 1.34) |
1.19
(1.12 to 1.26) |
1.04 (0.84 to 1.29) |
1.00 (0.87 to 1.14) |
0.97 (0.86 to 1.10) |
1.07 (0.99 to 1.15) |
0.98 (0.78 to 1.23) |
| US-born (no) (n=15 818) |
0.89 (0.73 to 1.08) |
0.98 (0.90 to 1.06) |
1.05 (0.81 to 1.36) |
0.78
(0.66 to 0.94) |
0.72
(0.62 to 0.84) |
1.02 (0.93 to 1.12) |
0.68
(0.48 to 0.96) |
| Puerto Rican adults | |||||||
| Overall (n=5077) |
1.75
(1.51 to 2.02) |
1.34
(1.25 to 1.44) |
1.13 (0.88 to 1.44) |
1.19
(1.03 to 1.39) |
1.14 (0.99 to 1.31) |
1.06 (0.96 to 1.16) |
1.33
(1.07 to 1.64) |
| US-born (yes) (n=2544) |
1.85
(1.54 to 2.22) |
1.39
(1.27 to 1.51) |
1.33 (0.95 to 1.85) |
1.20 (0.99 to 1.46) |
1.22
(1.02 to 1.46) |
1.06 (0.95 to 1.18) |
1.32
(1.01 to 1.73) |
| US-born (no) (n=2533) |
1.58
(1.32 to 1.90) |
1.27
(1.16 to 1.39) |
1.02 (0.77 to 1.35) |
1.22
(1.01 to 1.46) |
1.09 (0.91 to 1.30) |
1.06 (0.94 to 1.20) |
1.41
(1.09 to 1.83) |
| Cuban adults | |||||||
| Overall (n=2518) |
0.97 (0.76 to 1.22) |
0.98 (0.88 to 1.10) |
0.69
(0.49 to 0.97) |
0.92 (0.70 to 1.20) |
0.93 (0.76 to 1.15) |
1.03 (0.90 to 1.18) |
1.09 (0.77 to 1.55) |
| US-born (yes) (n=559) |
1.03 (0.69 to 1.53) |
1.15 (0.96 to 1.37) |
0.83 (0.39 to 1.75) |
1.14 (0.79 to 1.65) |
1.17 (0.84 to 1.65) |
1.05 (0.85 to 1.29) |
1.63 (0.91 to 2.93) |
| US-born (no) (n=1959) |
0.94 (0.72 to 1.22) |
0.92 (0.81 to 1.05) |
0.66
(0.46 to 0.94) |
0.82 (0.59 to 1.14) |
0.85 (0.65 to 1.10) |
1.04 (0.89 to 1.21) |
0.96 (0.63 to 1.45) |
| Dominican adults | |||||||
| Overall (n=1658) |
1.12 (0.89 to 1.43) |
1.02 (0.90 to 1.16) |
0.91 (0.57 to 1.45) |
0.88 (0.68 to 1.13) |
0.94 (0.72 to 1.23) |
1.00 (0.87 to 1.15) |
1.03 (0.67 to 1.59) |
| US-born (yes) (n=264) |
1.40 (0.82 to 2.41) |
1.24 (0.97 to 1.60) |
1.80 (0.68 to 4.79) |
0.82 (0.51 to 1.31) |
1.25 (0.81 to 1.93) |
1.01 (0.78 to 1.32) |
0.97 (0.42 to 2.20) |
| US-born (no) (n=1394) |
1.06 (0.84 to 1.34) |
0.96 (0.84 to 1.10) |
0.73 (0.45 to 1.20) |
0.88 (0.68 to 1.16) |
0.87 (0.65 to 1.18) |
0.99 (0.84 to 1.18) |
1.02 (0.64 to 1.63) |
| Central/South American adults | |||||||
| Overall (n=8162) |
1.00 (0.86 to 1.17) |
1.10
(1.02 to 1.17) |
0.76 (0.57 to 1.02) |
0.94 (0.78 to 1.13) |
0.89 (0.76 to 1.04) |
1.02 (0.95 to 1.11) |
0.69
(0.51 to 0.91) |
| US-born (yes) (n=1113) |
1.42
(1.06 to 1.92) |
1.30
(1.13 to 1.49) |
1.02 (0.59 to 1.75) |
1.27 (0.96 to 1.67) |
1.14 (0.86 to 1.52) |
1.08 (0.94 to 1.25) |
0.95 (0.56 to 1.62) |
| US-born (no) (n=7049) |
0.92 (0.78 to 1.08) |
1.05 (0.98 to 1.13) |
0.77 (0.56 to 1.05) |
0.84 (0.69 to 1.02) |
0.84
(0.72 to 0.99) |
1.00 (0.92 to 1.09) |
0.64
(0.47 to 0.88) |
Adjusted for age (18–30, 31–49, 50–64, 65+ years), sex/gender (male, female), annual household income (<$35 000, $35 000–$74 999, $75 000+), educational attainment (<high school, high school graduate, some college, ≥college), unemployed/not in the labour force (yes, no), occupational class (professional/management, support services, labourers), marital/cohabitating status (married/cohabitating, divorced/widowed, single), region of residence (Northeast, Midwest, South, West), alcohol consumption (never, former, current), serious psychological distress (Kessler-6 Psychological Distress Scale score ≥13), ‘ideal’ cardiovascular health (never smoking/quit >12 months prior to interview, BMI <25 kg/m2, meeting physical activity guidelines, and no prior diagnosis of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, or diabetes/pre-diabetes), and cancer.
All estimates are weighted for the survey’s complex sampling design. Very short and short sleep are non-mutually exclusive sleep duration categories. Trouble falling asleep, trouble staying asleep, sleep medication use and non-restorative sleep were measured during the survey years 2013–2017.
Bold values indicate statistical significance at a two-sided p-value of 0.05.
BMI, body mass index; Ref, reference.