Table 2.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings of the included studies
| First author (year) | CMR abnormality, n (%) | Fulfilled diagnostic criteria of myocarditis on CMRa (n) | Cine abnormality (n) | T1 mapping abnormality (n) | T2w abnormality (n) | T2 mapping abnormality (n) | T2 segment | T2 abnormality (T2w or T2 map) | ECV abnormality (n) | Myocardial LGE (n) | Pericardial LGE (n) | Total LGE | LGE segment | LGE pattern | Increased T2 value without LGE (n) | LGE without T2 elevation (n) | Pericardial effusion (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ng et al. (2020) | 9 (66.7%) | 4 | NR | 5 | NA | 5 | Global | 5 | NR | 3 | NR | 3 | NR | Non-ischemic (3)a | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Huang et al. (2020) | 15 (57.7%) | 7 | NR | NR | 14 | NR | NR | 14 | NR | 8 | 0 | 8 | Inferior or lateral at the mid and basal segments | Focal linear subepicardial and patchy mesocardial | 7 | 1 | 7 |
| Rajpal et al. (2020) | 13 (50%) | 4 | 1 | 0 | NA | 4 | Mid-inferoseptal (3) mid-anteroseptal (2), basal inferoseptal (1) | 4 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 12 | Septal (19), inferior or lateral (5) at the mid and basal segments | Patchy (6), linear (3), epicardial (1), RV insertion (2) | 0 | 8 | 2 |
| Knight et al. (2020) | 20 (69%) | NR | 2 | NR | NA | 0 | NR | 0 | NA | 20 | 0 | 20 | NR | Non-ischemic (11), ischemic (5), dual (4) | NR | NR | 2 |
| Puntmann et al. (2020) | 78 (78%) | NR | NR | 73 | NA | 60 | NR | 60 | NR | 32 | 22 | NR | NR | Nonischemic (20), ischemic (12), pericardial (22) | NR | NR | 20 |
| Eiros et al. (2020) | 104 (75%) | 51 | 7 | 58 | 6 | 6 | NR | NR | 52 | 10 | 0 | 10 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 42 |
| Vago et al. (2020) | 0 (0%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NR | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | 0 | 0 | NR |
| Brito et al. (2020) | 26 (54.2%) | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | NR | 0 | NA | 1 | 19 | NR | Lateral | Pericardial (19), myocardial (1) | 0 | 1 | 28 |
| Clark et al. (2021) | 4 (6.8%) | 2 | 0 | NA | NA | 1 | Mid septum | NR | NA | 3 | 1 | 4 | NR | NR | NA | NA | NA |
| Malek et al. (2021) | 7 (26.9%) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | NR | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Inferolateral segment | Mid wall | 4 | 1 | 2 |
| Li et al. (2021) | 24 (60%) | NR | NA | NA | NR | NA | NR | NA | 24 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Mid-inferior segment | NR | NR | NR | NA |
| Starekova et al. (2021) | 4 (2.8%) | 2 | NA | 2/141 | 2 | 1/102 | Apical inferolateral, and basal inferior segment | 2 | NR | 4 | 1 | 4 | Apical inferolateral, and basal inferior segment | Mid myocardial and subepicardial (1), epicardial (1), mid myocardial (2) | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| Wang et al. (2021) | 13 (29.5%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NR | 13 | 0 | 13 | Inferior wall and inferior-lateral wall of the basal segment | Mid myocardium, subepicardium | NA | NA | NA |
| Pan (2021) | 15 (71.4%) | NA | 3 | 5 | NR | 10 | NR | 10 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NA |
| Zhou (2021) | 1 (8.3%) | 0 | 0 | NR | 0 | NR | NR | 0 | NR | 1 | 0 | 1 | Basal anterolateral segment | Subepicardial | 0 | 1 | NA |
| Kotecha (2021) | 80 (54.1%) | 12 | 17 | 23/137 | NR | 12/137 | NR | 12/137 | NR | 70/144 | 0 | 70/144 | NR | Subepicardial (28), midwall (14), subendocardia and subepicardial (3), subendocardial and midwall (2) | NA | NA | 8 |
ECV extracellular volume, LGE late gadolinium enhancement, NA not available, NR not reported, RV right ventricular, T2w T2-weighted imaging
aOne patient who showed ischemic LGE with a history of myocardial infarction was excluded