Table 3.
Pooled prevalence of abnormal CMR findings
| Parameter (number of studies) | Overall | Study population | Cardiac enzyme level† | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence (%) | Heterogeneity* | Non-athletes (n = 10) | Athletes (n = 6) | Normal (n = 9) | Undetermined (n = 8) | |||||
| Prevalence (%) | Heterogeneity* | Prevalence (%) | Heterogeneity* | Prevalence (%) | Heterogeneity* | Prevalence (%) | Heterogeneity* | |||
| Abnormal CMR findings (n = 16) | 46.4 [43.2–49.7] | < 0.01, 95% | 62.5 [58.5–66.4] (n = 10) | < 0.01 86% | 17.1 [13.3–21.7] (n = 6) | < 0.01, 92% | 35.9 [31.7–40.3] (n = 9) | < 0.01, 95% | 59.4 [54.5–64.04] (n = 8) | < 0.01, 77% |
| Diagnosis of myocarditis on CMR (n = 12) | 14.0 [11.6–16.8] | < 0.01, 93% | 23.9 [19.8–28.5] (n = 6) | < 0.01, 85% | 2.5 [01.3–5.0] (n = 6) | 0.11, 64% | 15.2 [12.1–19.0] (n = 8) | < 0.01, 90% | 12.0 [8.5–16.8] (n = 5) | < 0.01, 90% |
| Presence of pericardial LGE (n = 14) | 5.0 [3.8–6.7] | < 0.01, 94% | 4.1 [2.7–6.1] (n = 8) | > 0.99, 98% | 6.7 [4.4–10.0] (n = 6) | < 0.01, 86% | 10.4 [7.1–15.1] (n = 5) | < 0.01, 88% | 24.8 [20.6–29.6] (n = 7) | < 0.01, 96% |
| Presence of myocardial LGE (n = 15) | 20.7 [18.1–23.5] | < 0.01, 93% | 28.8 [25.2–32.7] (n = 9) | < 0.01, 92% | 6.7 [4.4–10.0] (n = 6) | < 0.01, 82% | 8.6 [6.0–12.1] (n = 8) | < 0.01, 83% | 36.5 [31.8–41.4] (n = 7) | < 0.01, 93% |
| Presence of LGE (myocardial or pericardial) (n = 13) | 20.5 [17.7–23.6] | < 0.01, 92% | 28.1 [24.1–32.4] (n = 8) | < 0.01, 92% | 7.8 [5.2–11.7] (n = 5) | < 0.01, 84% | 8.3 [5.8–11.8] (n = 8) | < 0.01, 85% | 45.5 [39.2–51.9] (n = 5) | < 0.01, 75% |
| Increased native T1 value on the T1 map (n = 10) | 26.3 [23.1–29.8] | < 0.01, 97% | 39.8 [35.2–44.6] (n = 5) | < 0.01, 92% | 4.4 [2.4–7.7] (n = 5) | 0.02, 81% | 1.0 [0.1–8.7] (n = 4) | > 0.99, 0% | 35.7 [30.7–41.1] (n = 6) | < 0.01, 88% |
| T2 abnormality (n = 12) | 16.9 [14.3–19.8] | < 0.01, 94% | 22.9 [19.3–26.9] (n = 7) | < 0.01, 95% | 4.4 [2.4–8.0] (n = 5) | 0.08, 75% | 10.4 [7.1–15.1] (n = 5) | < 0.01, 88% | 24.8 [20.6–29.6] (n = 7) | < 0.01, 96% |
| T2 abnormality without LGE (n = 8) | 4.0 [2.3–6.7] | 0.98, 91% | 12.9 [6.8–22.9] (n = 3) | 0.061, 73% | 1.6 [0.6–4.1] (n = 5) | > 0.99, 90% | 5.7 [3.3–9.5] (n = 5) | < 0.01, 83% | 2.2 [0.5–8.2] (n = 4) | > 0.99, 76% |
| Presence of myocardial LGE without T2 abnormality (n = 7) | 4.0 [2.3–7.0] | 0.01, 58% | 3.8 [0.2–46.6] (n = 3) | 0.85, 0% | 4.1 [2.2–7.4] (n = 4) | < 0.01, 71% | 4.4 [2.4–8.0] (n = 5) | < 0.01, 64% | 1.6 [0–100] (n = 2) | > 0.99, 0% |
| Pericardial effusion (n = 11) | 15.7 [13.2–18.5] | < 0.01, 93% | 17.3 [14.1–21.0] (n = 6) | < 0.01, 86% | 12.8 [9.3–17.5] (n = 5) | < 0.01, 89% | 5.2 [3.0–9.0] (n = 5) | < 0.01, 75% | 17.0 [13.4–21.4] (n = 6) | < 0.01, 91% |
| Ventricular systolic dysfunction on cine (n = 10) | 4.7 [3.3–6.6] | 0.17, 62% | 7.4 [2.9–17.3] (n = 4) | 0.28, 27% | 1.3 [0.4.–4.5] (n = 6) | 0.98, 0% | NA | NA | 7.4 [3.1–16.8] (n = 4) | 0.34, 22% |
Numbers in brackets represent 95% confidence intervals
CMR cardiovascular magnetic resonance, LGE late gadolinium enhancement, n number of studies
*Values indicate p-values for the Cochran Q test and I2