Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study group.
| Characteristic | All patients (N = 234) | PAF (N = 134) | Persistent AF (N = 100) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.3 ± 10.6 | 64.4 ± 10.3 | 66.5 ± 11.0 | .138 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 122 (52.1) | 64 (47.7) | 58 (58.0) | .146 |
| Time since first AF diagnosis (months) | 37.8 ± 40.7 | 36.3 ± 39.0 | 39.1 ± 42.1 | .570 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 55.0 ± 11.2 | 56.3 ± 9.0 | 52.0 ± 11.9 | .002 |
| Left atrial diameter (mm) | 39.1 ± 6.1 | 37.5 ± 6.4 | 41.1 ± 5.7 | <.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 20 (8.5) | 11 (8.2) | 9 (9.0) | .818 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 115 (49.1) | 60 (44.8) | 55 (55) | .146 |
| Ischaemic heart disease, n (%) | 24 (10.3) | 12 (9.0) | 12 (12.0) | .516 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 13 (5.6) | 9 (6.7) | 4 (4.0) | .406 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 30 (12.8) | 12 (9.0) | 18 (18.0) | .073 |
| Congestive cardiac failure, n (%) | 30 (12.8) | 11 (8.2) | 19 (19.0) | <.001 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc | 2.1 ± 1.4 | 2.0 ± 1.5 | 2.2 ± 1.3 | .194 |
| Previous Medical therapy | ||||
| Amiodarone, n (%) | 60 (25.6) | 18 (13.4) | 42 (42) | <.001 |
| Flecainide, n (%) | 31 (13.2) | 25 (18.7) | 6 (6) | .005 |
| Sotalol, n (%) | 28 (12.0) | 23 (17.2) | 5 (5) | .005 |
| Dronedarone, n (%) | 14 (6.0) | 9 (6.7) | 5 (5) | .584 |
| Propafenone, n (%) | 2 (0.9) | 2 (1.5) | 0 (0) | .220 |
| Bisoprolol, n (%) | 132 (56.4) | 76 (59.0) | 56 (56) | .913 |
| Anticoagulation therapy | ||||
| NOAC, n (%) | 183 (78.2) | 107 (79.9) | 76 (76) | .480 |
| Vitamin K antagonist, n (%) | 51 (21.8) | 27 (20.1) | 24 (24) | .480 |