Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical data of the BD and HC groups.
| BD (n=212) | HC (n=55) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis, n | |||
| BD I | 166 | - | |
| BD II | 41 | - | |
|
| |||
| Sex, n(%) | |||
| Males | 106 (51.2) | 23 (46) | 0.53 |
| Females | 101 (48.8) | 27 (54) | |
|
| |||
| Race, n(%) | |||
| Caucasian | 97 (46.9) | 34 (68) | 0.08 |
| Non-Caucasian | 110 (53.1) | 16 (32) | |
|
| |||
| Age, ys | 44.1 (12.1) | 39.1 (13.3) | 0.01 |
|
| |||
| Age of onset, ys | 21.7 (7.9) | -- | |
|
| |||
| Duration of education, ys | 14.5 (3.3) | 15.5 (1.8) | 0.03 |
|
| |||
| HDRS score | 7.7 (6.5) | 0.5 (1.2) | < 0.001 |
|
| |||
| CARS-M score | 3.4 (4.4) | 0.2 (0.8) | < 0.001 |
|
| |||
| WRAT-3 score | 102.1 (14.9) | 106.4 (12.4) | 0.03 |
|
| |||
| Cognitive domains, mean (T-Score) | |||
|
| |||
| MCCB composite score | 43.7 (8.3) | 47.0 (7.7) | 0.01 |
|
| |||
| Emotional Processing domains (Z-score) | |||
|
| |||
| RMET total score | −0.25 (0.9) | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.07 |
|
| |||
| Recognition – Happiness (%) | −0.24 (0.9) | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.10 |
|
| |||
| Recognition – Sadness (%) | −0.37 (1.1) | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.02 |
|
| |||
| Recognition – Anger (%) | −0.14 (0.9) | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.32 |
|
| |||
| Recognition – Disgust (%) | −0.25 (0.9) | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.08 |
|
| |||
| Recognition – Fear (%) | −0.15 (0.9) | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.27 |
|
| |||
| Recognition – Surprise (%) | −0.04 (0.8) | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.75 |
Clinical Administered Rating Scale for Mania (CARS-M); Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 24 item(HAMD); Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT-3). MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Data represented as N(%) or Mean (±SD).