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. 2021 Aug 13;12:695227. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695227

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Trained immunity by P. gingivalis. (A) Overview of trained immunity model. Adherent monocytes were trained for 24h on day 1 with Pg or Pg with oxLDL (10µg/mL). After 24h the training stimulus was washed away, the cells were rested for 6 days in supplemented RPMI after which the cells were restimulated on day 6 with RPMI, LPS, or P3C for 24h (without oxLDL) to measure cytokine production, or they were exposed to oxLDL (25 µg/mL) for 24 hours to induce foam cell formation. On day 7, TNFα and IL-6 concentrations were measured in the supernatants. (B) P. gingivalis induces trained immunity as shown by the increased fold change of TNFα and IL-6 (n=20, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01). (C) Foam cell formation by P. gingivalis using Oil Red O staining. Magnification x40, scale bar 50µm (n=6, representative picture is shown). (D) P. gingivalis in combination with oxLDL exposure for 24h on day 1 increased training response (n = 6, *p < 0.05). Data are presented as fold change with mean ± SEM. P. gingivalis-trained cells were compared to RPMI-incubated control cells at day 1 after restimulation with LPS or P3C at day 6. Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Pg, P. gingivalis; oxLDL, oxidized LDL; W83, Pg W83 strain; ATCC, Pg ATCC strain; RPMI, medium control.