Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristics | Total, n (%) |
|---|---|
| Total study participants | 962 |
| Age (in years) | 962 |
| Mean (±SD) | 32.2 (10.7) |
| Range | 18 to 76 |
| Age groups | 962 |
| 18–29 years | 453 (47.1) |
| 30–59 years | 478 (49.7) |
| ≥60 years | 31 (3.2) |
| Gender | 928 |
| Male | 460 (49.6) |
| Female | 468 (50.4) |
| Location in Bangladesh | 928 |
| Dhaka | 678 (73.1) |
| Chottogram | 59 (6.4) |
| Sylhet | 18 (1.9) |
| Rajshahi | 58 (6.3) |
| Rangpur | 34 (3.7) |
| Khulna | 40 (4.3) |
| Barisal | 21 (2.3) |
| Myemensigh | 20 (2.2) |
| Residence location in Bangladesh | 928 |
| Urban | 674 (72.6) |
| Rural | 254 (27.4) |
| Living status | 908 |
| Live without family members (on your own/shared house/others) | 94 (10.4) |
| Live with family members (partner and/or children) | 814 (89.6) |
| Born in Bangladesh | 927 |
| No | 17 (1.8) |
| Yes | 910 (98.2) |
| Completed level of education | 923 |
| Primary | 25 (2.7) |
| Secondary | 257 (27.8) |
| Trade/Certificate/Diploma | 17 (1.8) |
| Degree (Bachelor) | 322 (34.9) |
| Masters and above | 302 (32.7) |
| Current employment condition | 909 |
| Unemployed/Housewife (No source of income) | 334 (36.7) |
| Jobs affected by COVID-19 (lost job/working hours reduced/afraid of job loss) | 109 (12.0) |
| Have an income source (employed/Government benefits) | 466 (51.3) |
| Perceived distress due to change of employment status | 889 |
| A little to none | 510 (57.4) |
| Moderate to a great deal | 379 (42.6) |
| Self-identification as a frontline or essential service worker | 892 |
| No | 464 (52.0) |
| Yes | 428 (48.0) |
| COVID-19 impacted financial situation | 928 |
| No | 339 (36.5) |
| Yes | 589 (63.5) |
| Co-morbidities | 922 |
| No | 599 (65.0) |
| Multiple co-morbidities | 95 (10.3) |
| Hypertension | 69 (7.5) |
| Psychiatric/Mental health problem | 39 (4.2) |
| Cancer | 37 (4.0) |
| Chronic respiratory diseases | 28 (3.0) |
| High blood lipids | 20 (2.2) |
| Diabetes/High blood sugar | 18 (2.0) |
| Heart diseases | 7 (0.8) |
| Chronic orthopedic problems | 5 (0.5) |
| Stroke | 1 (0.1) |
| Smoking | 928 |
| Never smoker | 751 (80.9) |
| Ever smoker (Daily/Non-daily/Ex) | 177 (19.1) |
| Increased smoking in the last 4 weeks | 117 |
| No | 80 (68.40) |
| Yes | 37 (31.6) |
| Current alcohol drinking (last 4 weeks) | 918 |
| No | 888 (96.7) |
| Yes | 30 (3.3) |
| Increased alcohol drinking over the last 4 weeks | 26 |
| No | 19 (73.1) |
| Yes | 7 (26.9) |
| Provided care to a family member/patient with known/suspected case of COVID-19 | 919 |
| No | 441 (48.0) |
| Yes | 478 (52.0) |
| Experience related to COVID-19 pandemic (multiple responses possible) | 886 |
| No known exposure to COVID-19 | 635 (71.7) |
| I had recent overseas travel history and was in self-quarantine | 27 (3.0) |
| I had been tested negative for COVID-19 but self-isolating | 164 (18.5) |
| I had been tested positive for COVID-19 | 60 (6.8) |
| Self-identification as a patient (visited a healthcare provider in the last 4 weeks) | 916 |
| No | 658 (71.8) |
| Yes | 258 (28.2) |
| Healthcare service use in the last 4 weeks | 361 |
| Telehealth consultation/Use of national helpline | 151 (41.8) |
| In-person visit to a healthcare provider | 200 (55.4) |
| Used both services | 10 (2.8) |
| Healthcare service use to overcome COVID-19 related stress in the last 4 weeks | 915 |
| No | 846 (92.5) |
| Yes | 69 (7.5) |