Table 2.
Summary of eligible studies of FBD and variables used for prevalence estimates of pathogens in human stool samples in Ethiopia
| FBP | Reference | Year Of Study | Geographic area | Region | District or town | Study design | Age group | Stool condition | Diagnostic technique | Sample size | No positive | 95%-CI % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eschechia coli | [37] | 2014 | Central Ethiopia | other | other | HFB CS | All age | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 70 | 0 | 0.00(0.04–10.27) |
| Eschechia coli | [38] | 2017 | Northwest Ethiopia | Amhara | Bahir Dar | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 344 | 35 | 10.17(7.39–13.84) |
| Eschechia coli | [39] | 2012 | Northwest Ethiopia | Amhara | Bahir Dar | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, BT and Ag | 422 | 204 | 48.34(43.60–53.11) |
| Eschechia coli | [40] | 2015 | Southern Ethiopia | SNNP | Hawassa | HFB retro | All age | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 170 | 0 | 0.00(0.02–4.50) |
| Eschechia coli | [41] | 2017 | Central Ethiopia | A.A | A.A | HFB CS | under 15 | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 290 | 13 | 4.48(2.62–7.57) |
| Eschechia coli | [41] | 2017 | Central Ethiopia | A.A | A.A | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 140 | 8 | 5.71(2.88–11.01) |
| Eschechia coli | [42] | 2015 | Central Ethiopia | A.A | A.A | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 253 | 61 | 24.11(19.24–29.76) |
| Eschechia coli | [43] | 2007 | Northwest Ethiopia | Amhara | Gondar | HFB CS | All age | Diarrheic | C, BT and Ag | 384 | 0 | 0.00(0.01–2.04) |
| Eschechia coli | [44] | 2016 | Southern Ethiopia | SNNP | Hawassa | HFB CS | Adult | Diarrheic | C, BT and Ag | 102 | 2 | 1.96(0.49–7.50) |
| Eschechia coli | [44] | 2016 | Southern Ethiopia | SNNP | Hawassa | HFB CS | Adult | Diarrheic | C, BT and Ag | 113 | 0 | 0.00(0.03–6.62) |
| Eschechia coli | [45] | 2013 | Central Ethiopia | A.A | A.A | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 253 | 61 | 24.11(19.24–29.76) |
| Eschechia coli | [46] | 2015 | Eastern Ethiopia | Dire dawa | Dire dawa | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 196 | 25 | 12.76(8.77–18.20) |
| Eschechia coli | [24] | 2016 | Central Ethiopia | Amhara | D/ Berhan | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 163 | 47 | 28.83(22.40–36.25) |
| Eschechia coli | [47] | 2018 | Northwest Ethiopia | Amhara | Gondar | IB CS | Adult | Nondiarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 257 | 5 | 1.95(0.81–4.59) |
| Eschechia coli | [48] | 2015 | Northwest Ethiopia | Amhara | D/Markos | HFB retro | UFC | Unidentified | C, Gs and BT | 50 | 1 | 2.00(1.95–17.02) |
| Eschechia coli | [48] | 2015 | Northwest Ethiopia | Amhara | D/Markos | HFB retro | All age | Unidentified | C, Gs and BT | 58 | 1 | 1.72(0.24–11.24) |
| Salmonella | [29] | 2014 | Central Ethiopia | A.A | A.A | HFB CS | All age | Diarrheic | C, BT, Ag and Mol | 957 | 59 | 6.17(4.81–7.88) |
| Salmonella | [49] | 2016 | Central Ethiopia | A.A | A.A | HFB CS | All age | Diarrheic | C, BT and Ag | 99 | 7 | 7.07(3.41–14.10) |
| Salmonella | [50] | 2017 | Southern Ethiopia | SNNP | Hosanna | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 204 | 2 | 0.98(0.25–3.83) |
| Salmonella | [38] | 2017 | Northwest Ethiopia | Amhara | Bahir Dar | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 344 | 6 | 1.74(0.79–3.83) |
| Salmonella | [51] | 2012 | Northwest Ethiopia | Amhara | Bahir Dar | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, BT and Ag | 422 | 33 | 7.82(5.61–10.80) |
| Salmonella | [52] | 2017 | Southern Ethiopia | SNNP | A/Minch | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 167 | 21 | 12.57(8.34–18.52) |
| Salmonella | [40] | 2015 | Southern Ethiopia | SNNP | Hawassa | HFB retro | All age | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 170 | 5 | 2.94(1.23–6.87) |
| Salmonella | [53] | 2002 | Central Ethiopia | A.A | A.A | HFB CS | All age | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 205 | 22 | 10.73(7.17–15.76) |
| Salmonella | [54] | 2016 | Southeast Ethiopia | Oromia | Bale Robe | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 139 | 7 | 5.04(2.42–10.19) |
| Salmonella | [54] | 2016 | Southeast Ethiopia | Oromia | Goba | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 283 | 22 | 7.77(5.17–11.52) |
| Salmonella | [55] | 2001 | Southwest Ethiopia | Oromia | Jimma | HFB CS | Adult | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 152 | 11 | 7.24(4.05–12.59) |
| Salmonella | [41] | 2017 | Central Ethiopia | A.A | A.A | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 140 | 4 | 2.86(1.08–7.36) |
| Salmonella | [41] | 2017 | Central Ethiopia | A.A | A.A | HFB CS | under 15 | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 290 | 7 | 2.41(1.16–4.98) |
| Salmonella | [56] | 2003 | Southwest Ethiopia | Oromia | Jimma | HFB CS | under 15 | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 430 | 21 | 4.88(3.21–7.37) |
| Salmonella | [57] | 2012 | Southwest Ethiopia | Oromia | Jimma | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 179 | 12 | 6.70(3.85–11.43) |
| Salmonella | [57] | 2012 | Southwest Ethiopia | Oromia | Jimma | HFB CS | under 15 | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 260 | 16 | 6.15(3.80–9.81) |
| Salmonella | [58] | 2014 | Northwest Ethiopia | Amhara | Gondar | HFB CS | All age | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 372 | 4 | 1.08(0.40–2.83) |
| Salmonella | [29] | 2014 | Central Ethiopia | A.A | A.A | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, BT, Ag and Mol | 160 | 10 | 6.25(3.40–11.23) |
| Salmonella | [13] | 2016 | Northwest Ethiopia | Amhara | Wegera | CB CS | UFc | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 112 | 1 | 0.89(0.13–6.06) |
| Salmonella | [59] | 2012 | Northern Ethiopia | Tigray | Mekele | HFB CS | under 15 | Diarrheic | C, BT and Ag | 260 | 19 | 7.31(4.71–11.17) |
| Salmonella | [59] | 2012 | Northern Ethiopia | Tigray | Mekele | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, BT and Ag | 115 | 14 | 12.17(7.34–19.51) |
| Salmonella | [42] | 2015 | Central Ethiopia | A.A | A.A | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 253 | 10 | 3.95(2.14–7.19) |
| Salmonella | [60] | 2015 | Central Ethiopia | A.A | A.A | HFB CS | under 10 | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 22 | 0 | 0.00(0.13–26.81) |
| Salmonella | [61] | 2019 | Southern Ethiopia | SNNP | Hawassa | HFB CS | under 15 | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 263 | 1 | 0.38(0.05–2.65) |
| Salmonella | [43] | 2007 | Northwest Ethiopia | Amhara | Gondar | HFB CS | All age | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 384 | 6 | 1.56(0.70–3.43) |
| Salmonella | [44] | 2016 | Southern Ethiopia | SNNP | Hawassa | HFB CS | Adult | Diarrheic | C, BT and Ag | 102 | 7 | 6.86(3.31–13.70) |
| Salmonella | [62] | 2014 | Southwest Ethiopia | Oromia | Jimma | HFB CS | All age | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 176 | 19 | 10.80(6.99–16.30) |
| Salmonella | [62] | 2014 | Southwest Ethiopia | Oromia | Jimma | HFB CS | under 10 | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 54 | 6 | 11.11(5.08–22.60) |
| Salmonella | [45] | 2013 | Central Ethiopia | A.A | A.A | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 253 | 10 | 3.95(2.14–7.19) |
| Salmonella | [46] | 2015 | Eastern Ethiopia | Dire dawa | Dire dawa | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 196 | 7 | 3.57(1.71–7.30) |
| Salmonella | [63] | 2017 | Western Ethiopia | Gambella | Gambella | IB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 134 | 4 | 2.99(1.12–7.68) |
| Salmonella | [64] | 2012 | Central Ethiopia | SNNP | Butajira | HFB CS | under 15 | Diarrheic | C, BT and Ag | 174 | 22 | 12.64(8.47–18.46) |
| Salmonella | [64] | 2012 | Central Ethiopia | SNNP | Butajira | HFB CS | Adult | Diarrheic | C, BT and Ag | 208 | 18 | 8.65(5.52–13.32) |
| Salmonella | [65] | 2011 | Southern Ethiopia | SNNP | Hawassa | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, BT and Ag | 158 | 4 | 2.53(0.95–6.55) |
| Salmonella | [66] | 2007 | Eastern Ethiopia | Harari | Harar | HFB CS | Adult | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 244 | 28 | 11.48(8.04–16.12) |
| Salmonella | [67] | 2016 | Western Ethiopia | Oromia | Nekemt | HFB CS | All age | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 422 | 30 | 7.11(5.01–9.99) |
| Salmonella | [68] | 2017 | Central Ethiopia | Oromia | Adama | HFB CS | All age | Diarrheic | C, BT and Ag | 232 | 20 | 8.62(5.63–12.98) |
| Salmonella | [28] | 2014 | Central Ethiopia | Oromia | Ambo | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, BT and Ag | 239 | 3 | 1.26(0.41–3.82) |
| Salmonella | [69] | 2012 | Northwest Ethiopia | Amhara | Bahir Dar | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, BT and Ag | 422 | 33 | 7.82(5.61–10.80) |
| Salmonella | [24] | 2016 | Central Ethiopia | Amhara | D/ Berhan | HFB CS | UFC | Diarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 163 | 5 | 3.07(1.28–7.16) |
| Salmonella | [70] | 2009 | Northwest Ethiopia | Amhara | Bahir Dar | IB CS | Adult | Mixed | C, Gs and BT | 384 | 6 | 1.56(0.70–3.43) |
| Salmonella | [71] | 2006 | Southwest Ethiopia | Oromia | Jimma | HFB CS | under 15 | Mixed | C, BT and Ag | 400 | 10 | 2.50(1.35–4.58) |
| Salmonella | [71] | 2006 | Central Ethiopia | A.A | A.A | HFB CS | under 15 | Mixed | C, BT and Ag | 825 | 55 | 6.67(5.15–8.58) |
| Salmonella | [72] | 2016 | Northwest Ethiopia | Amhara | D/Markos | IB CS | Adult | Nondiarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 220 | 8 | 3.64(1.83–7.10) |
| Salmonella | [73] | 2013 | Central Ethiopia | A.A | A.A | IB CS | Adult | Nondiarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 172 | 6 | 3.49(1.58–7.55) |
| Salmonella | [74] | 2018 | Southern Ethiopia | SNNP | Hawassa | IB CS | Adult | Nondiarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 236 | 5 | 2.12(0.88–4.99) |
| Salmonella | [55] | 2001 | Southwest Ethiopia | Oromia | Jimma | HFB CS | Adult | Nondiarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 220 | 0 | 0.00(0.01–3.51) |
| Salmonella | [75] | 2017 | Southern Ethiopia | SNNP | Wolkite | IB CS | Adult | Nondiarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 170 | 8 | 4.71(2.37–9.13) |
| Salmonella | [13] | 2016 | Northwest Ethiopia | Amhara | Wegera | CB CS | UFC | Nondiarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 113 | 1 | 0.88(0.12–6.01) |
| Salmonella | [47] | 2018 | Northwest Ethiopia | Amhara | Gondar | IB CS | Adult | Nondiarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 257 | 3 | 1.17(0.38–3.56) |
| Salmonella | [44] | 2016 | Southern Ethiopia | SNNP | Hawassa | HFB CS | Adult | Nondiarrheic | C, BT and Ag | 113 | 4 | 3.54(1.33–9.05) |
| Salmonella | [76] | 2015 | Southern Ethiopia | SNNP | A/ Minch | IB CS | Adult | Nondiarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 345 | 24 | 6.96(4.71–10.17) |
| Salmonella | [77] | 2016 | Eastern Ethiopia | Harari | Harar | IB CS | Adult | Nondiarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 417 | 15 | 3.60(2.18–5.88) |
| Salmonella | [63] | 2017 | Western Ethiopia | Gambella | Gambella | IB CS | UFC | Nondiarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 134 | 2 | 1.49(0.37–5.77) |
| Salmonella | [78] | 2017 | Southern Ethiopia | SNNP | Sodo | IB CS | Adult | Nondiarrheic | C, BT and Ag | 387 | 35 | 9.04(6.56–12.34) |
| Salmonella | [79] | 2017 | Eastern Ethiopia | Dire dawa | Dire dawa | CB CS | Adult | Nondiarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 218 | 13 | 5.96(3.49–10.00) |
| Salmonella | [80] | 2016 | Southwest Ethiopia | oromia | jimma | IB CS | Adult | Nondiarrheic | C, Gs and BT | 50 | 9 | 18.00(9.64–31.11) |
| Salmonella | [81] | 2015 | Central Ethiopia | A.A | A.A | HFB retro | All age | Unidentified | C, Gs and BT | 136 | 43 | 31.62(24.36–39.89) |
| Salmonella | [48] | 2015 | Northwest Ethiopia | Amhara | D/Markos | HFB retro | UFC | Unidentified | C, Gs and BT | 50 | 12 | 24.00(14.16–37.67) |
| Salmonella | [48] | 2015 | Northwest Ethiopia | Amhara | D/Markos | HFB retro | All age | Unidentified | C, Gs and BT | 58 | 24 | 41.38(29.51–54.34) |
A.A Addis Ababa, C Culture (plate culture), Gs Gram stain, BT Biochemical test, Ag Antigen detection (agglutination), Mol Molecular like PCR, HFB CS Health facility based cross-sectional study, CB Cs-s Community based cross-sectional study, HFB retro Health facility based retrospective study, IB CS Institution based cross-sectional study, UFC under five children, SNNP Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples