Fig. 4.

NAC inhibits VWF expression to reduces p38 MAPK phosphorylation. A KEGG enrichment analysis of NAC target genes. The abscissa represents the number of involved genes, and the ordinate represents the enrichment entry name. B the number of genes from PPI network interacted with genes. C GO enrichment analysis of COPD target genes. D GO enrichment analysis of biological pathways related to COPD target genes. E P value of GO enrichment analysis of biological pathways related to COPD target genes. F The extent of p38 MAPK phosphorylation in the lung tissues of healthy individuals and COPD patients measured by immunohistochemistry (n = 10). G The extent of p38 MAPK phosphorylation in lung tissues of COPD rats measured by immunohistochemistry (n = 10). H The extent of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and protein levels of and p38 MAPK in cells determined using Western blot analysis. CSE cells were transduced NAC and oe-VWF (with NAC and oe-NC as control). I The extent of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and protein levels of p38 MAPK in cells determined using Western blot analysis. ****p < 0.0001. Data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation of three technical replicates. Data between two groups were compared by independent sample t test. Data among multiple groups were compared by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test