Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| References | Country | Study design | N | Average age |
Disease
models |
Outcomes | Correlation r | Effectors and CIs | Relationship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen et al. (2021) | China | Cross-sectional | 180 | 58 ± 14 | CKD2-5 | Valve calcification | No data | OR: 1.075 (1.027–1.126) | Inverse |
| Xu et al. (2020) | China | Cross-sectional | 112 | 60.13 ± 9.30 | MHD | AAC | No data | β: −3.128 (−4.499 to −1.758) | Inverse |
| Before-after | |||||||||
| Koga et al. (2020) | Japan | Cross-sectional | 75 | 68 ± 9 | CKD1-4 | CAC | −0.032, p = 0.006★ | OR: 6.94 (1.26–38.24) | Inverse |
| No data | |||||||||
| Zheng et al. (2018) | China | Cross-sectional | 128 | 61.91 ± 15.39 | MHD | CAC | −0.667, p = 0.001★ | OR: 1.033 (1.020–1.044) | Inverse |
| Prospective | |||||||||
| Krishnasamy et al. (2017) | Australia | Prospective | 82 | 62.9 ± 10.2 | CKD4-5 42 controls | AAC | −0.36, p = 0.002★ | No data | No |
| Di Lullo et al. (2015) | Italy | Cross-sectional | 100 | 51 (46–56) | CKD3-4 | Valve calcification | −0.208; p = 0.04 | No data | No |
| Cai et al. (2015) | China | Cross-sectional | 129 | 58.18 ± 13.72 | MHD | AAC | −0.214, p = 0.015 | OR:3.559 (1.453–8.717) | Inverse |
| Morita et al. (2015) | Japan | Cross-sectional | 157 | W:65.8 ± 11.5 | CKD2 | CAC | No data | OR: CAC 2.0 (0.625–6.25) | No |
| M:67.0 ± 11.6 | CKD2 | AVC | No data | OR: AVC 0.34 (0.11–1.02) | No | ||||
| Buiten et al. (2014) | UK | Cross-sectional | 127 | 67 ± 7 | MHD | AAC | No data | β: 0.58 (−0.07–1.22) | No |
| CAC | No data | β: 0.08 (−0.19–0.36) | No | ||||||
| Kitagawa et al. (2013) | Japan | Cross-sectional | 114 | 58 (47–66) | CKD1-3 | ACI | No data | β: −0.00226, p = 0.251 | No |
★
, Spearman relation; CKD, chronic kidney disease; MHD, maintenance hemodialysis; OR, odds ration; CI, confidence interval; ESKD, end stage kidney disease; W, women; M, men; MAC, medial arterial calcification; CAC, coronary artery calcification; AVC, aortic valve calcification; AAC, abdominal aorta calcification; ACI, aortic calcification index.