Table A1.
Variables for calculating the frailty index and their codes.
| Variables | Codes | |
|---|---|---|
| Comprehensive geriatric assessment | ||
| Falls | No = 0, Yes = 1 | |
| Urinary incontinence | Never = 0, 1 time/week or less = 0.25, 2-3 times/week = 0.5, About 1 time/day = 0.75, Several times/day = 1 | |
| Pain | None = 0, Tolerable without affecting any activities = 0.33, Tolerable but affecting some activities = 0.66, intolerable but still able to make phone calls/watch TV/perform other activities = 1 | |
| Constipation | No = 0, Yes = 1 | |
| Weight loss | No = 0, Yes = 1 | |
| Sleep disorder | No = 0, Yes = 1 | |
| Usage of sleep aids | No = 0, Yes = 1 | |
| Visual and hearing assessment | ||
| Vision | >4 m = 0, 1–3 m = 0.5, 1 m, or less = 1 | |
| Hearing | Completely clear = 0, Not very clear = 0.5, Not clear at all = 1 | |
| Walking balance function | ||
| Usage of walking aids | No = 0, Yes = 1 | |
| Walking 400 m independently | Yes = 0, No = 1 | |
| Static balance test | > 10 s = 0, ≤ 10 s = 0.5, Unable to complete = 1 | |
| Dynamic balance test | > 10 s = 0, ≤ 10 s = 0.5, Unable to complete = 1 | |
| 5 times sit-to-stand test | <10 s = 0, ≥10 s = 0.5, Unable to complete = 1 | |
| Up-and-go test | <12 s = 0, ≥12 s = 0.5, Unable to complete = 1 | |
| Diseases and medications | ||
| Chronic diseases(15 types)a | Each no = 0, Each yes = 1 | |
| Number of medications | Infrequent medications = 0, 1–3 medications = 0.5, ≥4 = 1 | |
| Assessment of activities of daily living | ||
| ADL | 100 points = 0, 75–95 points = 0.25, 50–70 points = 0.5, 25–45 points = 0.75, 0–20 points = 1 | |
| IADL | ≤ 5 points = 0, >5 points = 1 | |
| Cognition and emotion | ||
| Memory is diminished | No = 0, Yes = 1 | |
| Emotional instability | Never = 0, Sometimes = 0.5, Often = 1 | |
| MMSEb | Cut-off value is normal = 0, Below cut-off is a cognitive deficit = 1 | |
| Depression assessment | ||
| CES-D | <10 points = 0, ≥10 points = 1 | |
ADL, activities of daily living; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (simplified version);
a
The 15 types of chronic diseases include hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, anemia, hyperlipidaemia, sleep apnea syndrome, gastrointestinal disease, cerebrovascular disease, dementia, tumor, protrusion of intervertebral disc, thyroid disease, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, arthrolithiasis;
b
MMSE cut-off value is related to the level of education, 17 points for no education, 20 points for <6 years of education, 24 points for more than 6 years.