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. 2021 Aug 13;9:699304. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.699304

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Copyright © 2021 Wang, Wang, Li, Qin and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The regulations of iron metabolism and redox homeostasis in cancer cells. Cancer cells display higher iron transporting, storage, and bioavailability as well as increased levels of glutathione (GSH) and GPX4 for detoxification in contrast to normal cells. Iron regulatory proteins (IRP1/2) play a central role in maintaining an adequate iron homeostasis in cancer cells by regulating the stability of each mRNA differentially [increasing for transferrin receptor 1 (TFRC) and SLC11A2, while decreasing for light chain (FTL)/H protecting cells]. The classical marker of hypoxia, HIF-1α, also supports the stabilization of TFRC, IRP1/2, as well as FTL/H to promote both iron absorption and availability in cancer cells.