Table 4.
Age and Case Fatality Rate for Suspected and Confirmed Cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis Meningitis
| Country | Age of Confirmed Pneumococcal Cases | Case Fatality- Suspected | Case Fatality-Confirmed Pneumococcus | Case Fatality-Confirmed Meningococcus | Status of PCV Introduction and Vaccination Coveragea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Central African Republic, Paoua 2016–2017 | 0–59 mthsb 5–29 yrs ≥30 yrs |
27% 58% 15% |
9/251 (4%) | 6/60 (10%) | NA | Introduced 2011; 2016 estimated coverage 47%c |
| 2. Ghana, Central 2015–2016 | 0–59 mths; 5–29 yrs; ≥30 yrs | 3% 62% 35% |
75–86/786–966 (9%-10%) | 25–39/85–168d (23%-29%) | 8–9/30–40 (23%–26%) | Introduced 2012; 2015–2016 estimated coverage 88%–93% |
| 3. Ghana, Northern 2015–2017 | 0–59 mthse 5–29 yrs ≥30 yrs |
12% 60% 28% |
75/711f (11%) | 28/98g (29%) | Aku reports 2/83 (2%)g | Introduced 2012; 2015–2016 estimated coverage 88%–93% |
| 4. Burkina Faso, Pama 2011 | 0–59 mths 5–29 yrs ≥30 yrs |
35% 30% 35% |
6/90 (7%) | NA | NA | Introduced 2014; 2015–2016 estimated coverage 91% |
| 5. Burkina Faso, Karangasso Vigue 2011 | 0–59 mths 5–29 yrs ≥30 yrs |
18% 36% 45% |
13/71 (18%) | NA | NA | Pre-PCV |
| 6. Burkina Faso, Solenzo 2009 | NA | NA | 42/307 (14%) | NA | NA | Pre-PCV |
| 7. Chad, Goundi 2009 | NA | NA | 37/NA | NA | NA | PCV not introduced as of 2018 |
| 8. Burkina Faso, Bobo-Dioulasso 2002–2004 |
0–59 mths 5–15 yrs ≥15 yrs |
49% 19% 32% |
NA | 115/249 (46%) | 42/306 (14%) | Pre-PCV |
| 9. Ghana, Kassena-Nankana District 2001–2003 | 0–59 mths 5–29 yrs ≥30 yrs |
40% 36% 24% |
NA | 51/117 (44%) (overall) | 6/140 (4.3%) | Pre-PCV |
| 10. Chad, Goundi 2001 | 0–59 mths 5–29 yrs ≥30 yrs |
19% 67% 14% |
52/595 (9%) | 16/150i (11%) | NA | Pre-PCV |
Abbreviations: mths, months; NA, not applicable; PCV, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; yrs, years.
aCoverage estimates of a full course of PCV from World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children’s Fund. Central African Republic: WHO and UNICEF estimates of immunization coverage: WHO Reports (see http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/data/caf.pdf).
bPercentage within 0–59 months: in vaccinated areas, 17%; in nonvaccinated areas, 36%.
cA community-based catch-up multiantigen campaign was conducted in 2016, but it did not cover all areas of the district.
d19 cases unknown outcome, range of numbers reflects different time frame and reporting in available articles.
eSuspected cases, not pneumococcus.
f100 cases unknown outcome.
g55 cases unknown outcome.
hNumber not available in Bregani et al [32].
i20 of the 52 total deaths had testing or a pathogen identified.