Table 5.
Changes in PEI-2 total scores for the TFES group and the control group
| Study time-point | Difference between baseline and follow-up | Effect size of within group change | P value for paired t-test on within group change | P value for two-sample t-test on difference of changes between groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baselinea (mean score, SD) | Follow-upb (mean score, SD) | Mean, SD | (95% CI) | ||||
| Total (N = 285) | 18.7 (5.4) | 20.7 (5.4) | 1.99 (5.71) | (1.32, 2.66) | 0.348 | <0.001* | — |
| TFES group (51.2%, N = 140) | 15.6 (4.0) | 18.6 (5.4)** | 3.05 (5.84) | (2.09, 4.01) | 0.522 | <0.001* | 0.001* |
| Control group (48.8%, N = 145) | 22.0 (4.7) | 22.9 (4.4) | 0.90 (5.39) | (0.00, 1.80) | 0.167 | 0.050 |
CI, confidence interval. Notes: Analyses adjusted for age, gender, household income (<HK$20 000 versus ≥HK$20 000) and comorbidities.
aBaseline data collection period: TFES group (January 2012–September 2014); control group (January 2014–December 2016).
bFollow-up data collection period: TFES group (August 2013–March 2016); control group (September 2014–May 2017).
*Statistically significant.
**Clinically meaningful change based on an increase of more than one half a SD (39).