Table 2.
Adjusteda risk ratios of sexual orientation differences in sexual health information topics and sources in two cohorts of U.S. women (N=8,541).
| Completely Heterosexual with No Same-Sex Partners (Reference) | Completely Heterosexual with Same- Sex Partners | Mostly Heterosexual | Bisexual | Lesbian | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RRb (95% CI)b | RRb | (95% CI)b | RRb | (95% CI)b | RRb | (95% CI)b | RRb | (95% CI)b | p c | |
| Health information source d | ||||||||||
| School | 1.00 | 0.99 | (0.95, 1.04) | 1.04 | (1.02, 1.06) | 103 | (0.99, 1.07) | 1.01 | (0.95, 1.06) | .0006 |
| Church/Temple/Etc. | 1.00 | 0.81 | (0.73, 0.91) | 0.92 | (0.88, 0.96) | 1.01 | (0.92, 1.11) | 0.89 | (0.78, 1.02) | <.0001 |
| Parent or Guardian | 1.00 | 1.04 | (0.99, 1.09) | 1.02 | (1.00, 1.05) | 1.07 | (1.03, 1.12) | 0.94 | (0.86, 1.02) | .004 |
| Peers | 1.00 | 1.24 | (1.13, 1.35) | 1.30 | (1.24, 1.35) | 1.32 | (1.22, 1.42) | 1.20 | (1.08, 1.35) | <.0001 |
| Media | 1.00 | 1.04 | (0.94, 1.16) | 131 | (1.26, 1.36) | 1.39 | (1.31, 1.49) | 1.21 | (1.09, 1.35) | <.0001 |
| Elsewhere (e.g., community center) | 1.00 | 1.69 | (1.41, 2.02) | 158 | (1.44, 1.73) | 1.89 | (1.59, 2.24) | 1.88 | (1.52, 2.33) | <.0001 |
| Health information topic d | ||||||||||
| Contraceptione | 1.00 | 1.07 | (1.03, 1.11) | 1.11 | (1.09, 1.13) | 1.12 | (1.09, 1.16) | 1.02 | (0.96, 1.09) | <.0001 |
| Saying no to sex | 1.00 | 0.96 | (0.90, 1.02) | 0.97 | (0.95, 1.00) | 0.92 | (0.86, 0.99) | 0.91 | (0.83, 0.99) | .01 |
| Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) | 1.00 | 1.04 | (1.00, 1.07) | 1.05 | (1.03, 1.06) | 1.05 | (1.02, 1.08) | 1.02 | (0.97, 1.07) | <.0001 |
| Preventing HIV/AIDSf | 1.00 | 1.03 | (0.98, 1.07) | 1.04 | (1.02, 1.06) | 1.05 | (1.00, 1.09) | 0.98 | (0.92, 1.04) | <.0001 |
| No sex before marriage | 1.00 | 0.90 | (0.83, 0.96) | 0.92 | (0.89, 0.95) | 0.98 | (0.92, 1.05) | 0.83 | (0.75, 0.93) | <.0001 |
| LGBg People/Relationships are Normal/Natural | 1.00 | 1.06 | (0.93, 1.20) | 1.38 | (1.32, 1.44) | 1.44 | (1.33, 1.56) | 1.22 | (1.08, 1.38) | <.0001 |
| LGBg People/Relationships are Abnormal/Sinful | 1.00 | 0.82 | (0.71, 0.94) | 1.05 | (1.00, 1.11) | 1.32 | (1.21, 1.44) | 1.35 | (1.22, 1.50) | <.0001 |
Models adjusted for race/ethnicity (reference: Race/Ethnicity Other than White), age in years, region (reference: Northeast), and longitudinal study cohort (GUTS 1, GUTS 2); reference group is completely heterosexual with no same-sex partners.
Bolded values indicate adjusted relative risk ratios with significance at p < .05 and 95% confidence intervals that do not cross 1.00.
P-values represent significance at p < .05 for joint hypothesis tests testing the null hypothesis that the fixed effect of sexual orientation’s class parameters are equal to zero using the “Type 3” model option in SAS with reference parameterization (param=ref). In other words, significant p-values indicate that for a given model, the odds of an outcome occurring is related to sexual orientation.
Participants were asked “When you were 17 years old or younger, did you receive or seek out any formal or informal instruction from the following sources about the topics listed below? (Mark all that apply)” and could select any source and topic combinations from the question grid.
Contraception includes “methods of birth control,” “where to get birth control,” and “how to use a condom.”
HIV/AIDS is “Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
LGB is “lesbian, gay, bisexual.”