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. 2021 Sep 3;12(9):828. doi: 10.1038/s41419-021-04115-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

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Fig. 8 — Left: PRMT4 is normally degraded via a SCF^FBXO9 E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitin proteasomal pathway to maintain airway epithelial cell survival. SCF^FBXO9 recognizes PRMT4 via a phosphodegron and poly-ubiquitinates PRMT4 at K228. Bacterial endotoxin reduces FBXO9 levels that results in PRMT4 protein accumulation. Increased PRMT4 activates caspase 3 to induce lung epithelial apoptosis during bacterial infection.