Table 1.
Key model inputs of costs and utilities.
| Parameters | Expected value | Range | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Costs ($) | |||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 1.05 | 0.53–1.05 | Local charge |
| Vildagliptin 50 mg | 1.17 | 0.58–1.17 | Local charge |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 1.14 | 0.57–1.14 | Local charge |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | 1.17 | 0.59–1.17 | Local charge |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | 1.15 | 0.58–1.15 | Local charge |
| Antidiabetic therapy per day (disease duration ≤3 years) | 0.5 | 0.2–1.3 | (29) |
| Antidiabetic therapy per day (3 < disease duration ≤5 years) | 0.8 | 0.2–1.7 | (29) |
| Antidiabetic therapy per day (5 < disease duration < 10 years) | 1.2 | 0.3–2.5 | (29) |
| Antidiabetic therapy per day (disease duration ≥10 years) | 2.0 | 0.7–3.2 | (29) |
| MI hospitalization per event | 7,383.0 | 6505.2–8260.9 | (30–33) |
| Care after MI per year | 455.4 | 288.6–622.2 | (30–33) |
| Stroke hospitalization per event | 2,875.2 | 2184.6–4738.3 | (30–33) |
| Care after stroke per year | 506.9 | 445.9–828 | (30–33) |
| CHF per year | 1,507.7 | 1254.6–2632.3 | (30–33) |
| ESRD per year | 13,803.2 | 13153.8–14569.2 | (34) |
| Blindness per year | 1,642.0 | 1430.4–1853.5 | (30–33) |
| Clinical neuropathy per month | 60.9 | 26.2–101.4 | (35) |
| Uncomplicated DFU per event | 76.2 | 0–226.2 | (35) |
| Complicated DFU per event | 2,293.3 | 1228.5–2880.8 | (35) |
| Minor amputation per event | 3,316.9 | 2165.2–5038.9 | (35) |
| Major amputation per event | 5,019.2 | 2981.1–7738.2 | (35) |
| Care after major amputation per month | 338.1 | 0–600.7 | (35) |
| Urinary tract infections per event | 31.00 | 23.3–38.8 | (30) |
| Genital infections per event | 31.00 | 23.3–38.8 | (30) |
| Health utility scores | |||
| T2DM without complications | 0.936 | 0.736–1 | (36, 37) |
| Health disutility scores | |||
| Stroke hospitalization for one month | 1.000 | 0.236–1 | (36) |
| Stroke after discharge | 0.114 | 0.026–0.446 | (36, 37) |
| MI hospitalization for one month | 1.000 | 0.326–1 | (36) |
| MI after discharge | 0.170 | 0.036–0.616 | (36, 37) |
| CHF | 0.250 | 0.026–0.446 | (36, 37) |
| ESRD | 0.156 | 0.19–0.61 | (30, 31, 35−34, 37) |
| Blindness | 0.113 | 0.007–0.307 | (30, 31, 35−34, 37) |
| Clinical neuropathy | 0.090 | 0.985–0.645 | (36, 37) |
| Uncomplicated DFU | 0.250 | 0.213–0.287 | (30–33, 35) |
| Complicated DFU | 0.300 | 0.165–0.435 | (30–33, 35) |
| Minor amputation | 0.320 | 0.204–0.436 | (30–33, 35) |
| Major amputation | 0.380 | 0.264–0.496 | (30–33, 35) |
| Discount rate | 5% | 3%–8% |
MI, myocardial infarction; CHF, congestive heart failure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; DFU, diabetic foot ulcer.