Table 5.

Transmission blocking activity of artesunate (AS) and NeemAzal® (NA) single and combination treatment in the 2TB-DFA.

Treatment mg/kg (hrs before mosquito feeding)	Replicate	Oocyst density by replicate b [CI95%]	Prevalence of infection [infected/total examined]	Oocyst density by treatment [CI95%]	% reduction of oocyst density by treatment [CI95%]	Prevalence of infection by treatment [CI95%]	% reduction of prevalence by treatment [CI95%]
AS 20 mg/kg (10)	1	80.6 [55.4-105.8]	100 [30/30]
	2	92.6 [70.2-115.0]	93.3 [28/30]	70.2	41.9	92.2	7.8
	3	37.2 [14.7-59.7]	83.3 [25/30]	[46.8-93.5]	[18.5-65.2]	[68.9-115.6]	[0-17.1]
NA 35 mg/kg (1)	1	65.6 [20.8-110.3]	93.3 [28/30]
	2	64.7 [29.3-100.1]	76.7 [23/30]	79.0	34.5	88.9	10.1
	3	106.8 [76.5-137.1]	96.7[29/30]	[42.2-115.8]	[2.3-71.3]	[52.1-125.7]	[0–21.4]
AS 20 mg/kg (10) + NA 35 mg/kg (1)	1	54.5 [37.4-72.0]	100 [30/30]
	2	16.8 [a10.9-22.7]	100 [30/30]	35.6	70.5	100
	3			[24.2-47.1]	[59.0-81.9]	[85.9-111.5]	0
Solvent controlc (10)	1	107.4 [74.1-140.8]	100 [30/30]
	2	157.8 [124.1-191.4]	100 [30/30]	120.7		98.9
	3	96.8 [68.1-125.6]	96.7 [29/30]	[88.7-152.6]	-	[66.9-130.8]	-

^a Mouse died shortly after NA administration. ^b Oocyst densities (geometric mean oocysts/ midgut) were considered only on oocyst positive mosquitoes. ^c Solvent control: mice treated with normal saline containing 5% ethanol, 10% DMSO and 7.5% Tween80.