Table 2.
Distribution and normalization statistics of the sample (n = 564).
| Variables | Range | Min | Max | Med | (sd) | Asym | Kurtosis | Kolmogorov-Smirnoff |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CONSC | 1–5 | 1.83 | 5.00 | 3.69 | (0.57) | −0.260 | 0.015 | 0.192* |
| NEUROT | 1–5 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 2.65 | (0.74) | 0.225 | 0.003 | 0.110* |
| POSIT | 1–5 | 1.25 | 5.00 | 3.76 | (0.67) | −0.540 | 0.403 | 0.118* |
| DEEP.LEARN. | 1–5 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 2.96 | (0.16) | −0.079 | 0.032 | 0.115* |
| SURF.LEARN. | 1–5 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 2.16 | (0.19) | 0.572 | 0.588 | 0.116* |
| SR | 1–5 | 1.21 | 5.00 | 3.48 | (0.60) | −0.182 | −0.157 | 0.098* |
| PROCRAST | 1–5 | 1.00 | 4.06 | 2.29 | (0.65) | 0.209 | −0.372 | 0.200* |
| PROBLC | 1–4 | 1.30 | 3.95 | 2.99 | (0.41) | −0.342 | 0.041 | 0.114* |
| EMOTC | 1–4 | 1.60 | 3.97 | 2.59 | (0.30) | 0.156 | 0.318 | 0.092* |
| RESIL | 1–5 | 1.82 | 4.86 | 3.74 | (0.46) | −0.466 | 0.421 | 0.200* |
| EMOTP | 1–5 | 1.15 | 4.93 | 3.34 | (0.62) | −0.130 | 0.260 | 0.200* |
| EMOTN | 1–5 | 1.06 | 4.10 | 2.23 | (0.56) | 0.476 | −0.075 | 0.200* |
| CONFIDENCE | 1–5 | 1.00 | 4.86 | 3.74 | (0.56) | −0.168 | −0.016 | 0.200* |
| ENGAG | 1–5 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 3.47 | (0.66) | −0.215 | 0.302 | 0.200* |
| BURN | 1–5 | 1.00 | 4.78 | 2.22 | (0.17) | 0.583 | 0.018 | 0.098* |
| RT | 1–5 | 1.12 | 5.00 | 3.68 | (0.63) | −0.353 | 0.058 | 0.080* |
| TEACH.STRESS | 1–5 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 2.31 | (0.71) | 0.592 | 0.033 | 0.200* |
| LEARN.STRESS | 1–5 | 1.00 | 4.70 | 2.61 | (0.75) | 0.114 | −0.485 | 0.200* |
| SYMPTOM.STRESS | 1–5 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 2.31 | (0.71) | 0.592 | 0.366 | 0.132* |
CONSC, conscientiousness; NEURO, neuroticism; POSIT, positivity; DEEP.LEARN, deep learning approach; SURF.LEARN., surface learning approach; CONFIDENCE, academic behavioral confidence; SR, self-regulation; PROCRAST, procrastination; PROBLC, problem-focused coping; EMOTC, emotion-focused coping; RESIL, resilience; EMOTP, positive achievement emotions; EMOTN, negative achievement emotions; ENGAG, engagement; BURN, burnout; RT, regulatory teaching; TEACH.STRESS, stress factors of teaching process; LEARN.STRESS, stress factors of learning process; SYMPTOM.STRESS, symptoms of stress.
*
non-significant statistical differences with the distribution.