TABLE 1.
Summarized results of studies which evaluated expression of NORAD in cell lines (Δ: knock-down, EMT: epithelial–mesenchymal transition).
| Cancer types | Targets/regulators and signaling pathways | Cell lines | Function | Ref |
| Endometrial cancer | FUBP1 | ISK and SPEC-2 | ↑ NORAD: ↓ cell growth and ↑ apoptosis | Han et al., 2020 |
| Ovarian cancer | miR-199a-3p | SKOV3, HO8910, A2780, OVCAR-3 and IOSE80 | Δ NORAD: ↓cell proliferation, invasiveness, and migration ability | Xu C. et al., 2020 |
| miR-608/STAT3 | SKOV3, Caov3, A2780, HO-8910, OVCAR3 and HOEpiC | Δ NORAD: ↓cell viability, migration, invasiveness and ↑ apoptosis. mediating the antineoplastic impacts of physcion 8-O-b-glucopyranoside | Yang et al., 2019b | |
| Epithelial ovarian cancer | miR-155-5p | SK-OV-3, CAOV-3, CAOV-4, OVCAR-3, HEY-T30, ES-2, SW/626 and HS832.Tc | Δ NORAD: ↓ cell proliferation and chemoresistance | Tong et al., 2019 |
| Cervical cancer | miR-590-3p/SIP1 | SiHa, HeLa, ME180, C33a, CaSki and Ect1/E6E7 | Δ NORAD: ↓ cells proliferation, colony formation ability, invasion and EMT | Huo et al., 2018 |
| Breast cancer | TGF-β pathway | MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MCF10A | Δ NORAD: ↓ cell proliferation, migration and invasion | Zhou et al., 2019 |
| YAP/TAZ-TEAD complex and S100P | MDA-MB-231, Hs578T, T47D, ZR75 | Δ NORAD: ↑ cell migration and invasion | Tan et al., 2019 | |
| miR-323a-3p/PUM1/eIF2 | MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-453, T47D and MCF10A | Δ NORAD: ↓ cell viability, invasion and migration | Shi et al., 2021 | |
| Prostate cancer | miR-495-3p/TRIP13 | DU145, 22Rv1, LNCaP and RWPE-1 | Δ NORAD: ↑ cell apoptosis and ↓ cell proliferation, migration, and invasion | Chen et al., 2020 |
| miR-541-3p/PKM2 | 22Rv1, DU145, PC-3, C4-2B and RWPE-1 | Δ NORAD: ↓ cell proliferation, migration and invasion | Hu et al., 2021 | |
| – | LNCaP, 22Rv1, PC-3, DU145 and RWPE-1 | Δ NORAD: ↓ cell proliferation, migration and ↑ cell apoptosis | Zhou et al., 2019 | |
| miR-30a-5p/RAB11A/WNT/β-catenin pathway | PC-3, LNCap, 22RV1, DU-145 and RWPE-1 | Δ NORAD: ↓ cell proliferation, invasion and EMT | Zhang and Li, 2020 | |
| Bladder cancer | – | TSSCUP, T24, 639 V and UMUC1 | Δ NORAD: ↓ cells proliferation and colony formation ability | Li et al., 2018 |
| Renal cell carcinoma | miR-144-3p/MYCN | 86-O, A498, ACHN, OS-RC-2 and HK-2 | ↑ NORAD: ↑ cell proliferation and migratory potential | Zhao W. et al., 2020 |
| Gastric cancer | RhoA/ROCK1 Pathway | AGS, BGC-823, HGC-27, MGC-803 and GES-1 | Δ NORAD: ↑ cell apoptosis and ↓ cell proliferation and Metastatic Behavior | Yu et al., 2019 |
| miR-608/FOXO6 | MKN28, MKN45, SGC7901, SNU-16 and GES-1 | Δ NORAD: ↓ tumor growth, migration and ↑ cell apoptosis | Miao et al., 2019 | |
| miR-214/Akt/mTOR | BSG823, MKN28, BGC803, BGC823 and GSE1 | Δ NORAD: ↑ cell apoptosis and ↓ cell proliferation | Tao et al., 2019 | |
| Colorectal cancer | CAPN7 and PI3K/AKT pathway | HCT116, Caco2, Caco205, SW620, SW480 and NCM460 | ↑ NORAD: ↓ Cell Proliferation and Invasion | Lei et al., 2018 |
| – | HCT116 and SW1116 | Δ NORAD: ↓ cell viability, migration and invasion | Wang et al., 2018 | |
| miR-202-5p | SW480, HCT116 and FHC | Δ NORAD: ↓ Cell Proliferation, migration, invasion and ↑ Cellular Apoptosis | Zhang et al., 2018 | |
| miR-203a | HCT116, SW620, SW480, HT29 and NCM460 | Δ NORAD: ↓ Cell invasion | Zhao L. et al., 2020 | |
| Pancreatic cancer | miR-125a-3p/RhoA | SW1990, Capan-1, PANC-1, AsPC-1, CFPAC-1, MIAPaCa-2 and BxPC-3 | Δ NORAD: ↓cell migration and invasion | Li et al., 2017 |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | miR-144-3p/SEPT2 | Hep3B, Huh7, BEL-7402, HCCLM3 and LO2 | Δ NORAD: ↓cell proliferation, colony formation and ↑ apoptosis | Tian et al., 2020 |
| miR-202-5p/TGF-β | SMMC-7721, Huh7, PLC/PRF/5, and Hep3B | ↑ NORAD: ↑ cell proliferation, enhanced the colony construction, cell migration and invasion | Yang et al., 2019a | |
| miR-211-5p/FOXD1/VEGF-A axis | Δ NORAD: ↓ cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis | Sun et al., 2021 | ||
| Lung cancer | CXCR4 and CXCL12/RhoA/ROCK pathway | A549, SPC-A1, SK-MES-1 and 16HBE | Δ NORAD: ↓ Cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion | Wu Y. et al., 2020 |
| miR-30a-5p/ADAM19 | H460, H1299, A549, and SCLC-21H and HBE | Δ NORAD: ↓cell proliferation, migration, invasion and ↑ cell apoptosis | Wu H. et al., 2020 | |
| YAP/TAZ-TEAD complex and S100P | H460, CL1-0, CL1-5,293T and 293FT | Δ NORAD: ↑ cell migration and invasion | Tan et al., 2019 | |
| Non-small cell lung cancer | miR-129-1-3p/SOX4 | H446 and A549 | Δ NORAD: resensitized to DDP (cisplatin) | Huang et al., 2020 |
| TGF- β | A549 | Δ NORAD: ↓cell migration and EMT-like morphological changes | Kawasaki et al., 2018 | |
| miR-656-3p/AKT1 | SPC-A1, H460, H1650, A549 and HBE | ↑ NORAD: ↑ cell proliferation and migration | Chen T. et al., 2019 | |
| miR-136-5p/E2F1 | A549, H1975, H1650, LK-2, H1299, H460 and HBE | Δ NORAD: ↓cell proliferation and glycolysis | Gao et al., 2019 | |
| miR-520a-3p/PI3k/Akt/mTOR Signaling pathway | A549, H1299, H460, SK-MES-1, Calu3 and HEK293T | Δ NORAD: ↓cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion | Wan et al., 2020 | |
| miR-422a | A549, SK-MES-1, H1975, SK-LU-1 and 16HBE | ↑ NORAD: ↑cell viability, migration, invasion and EMT | Chen et al., 2021 | |
| miR-455/CDK14 | NCI-H1650 and HCC827 | Δ NORAD: ↓ proliferation ability | Wang C. et al., 2021 | |
| miR-202-5p/P-gp | A549/DPP | Δ NORAD: ↑ cisplatin sensitivity in A549/DPP cells | Shen et al., 2020 | |
| miR-363-3p/PEAK1 and ERK1/2 signaling pathway | H1975, H1299, A549, 95D, and H460, (HEK)-293 T, BEAS-2B and MRC5 | Δ NORAD: ↓ invasion and EMT | Geng et al., 2021 | |
| Papillary Thyroid carcinoma | miR-202-5p | K1, BCPAP, TPC1 and NPA187 and HT-ori3 | ↑ NORAD: ↑ cell growth, invasion, migration and EMT | Chen Y. et al., 2019 |
| Esophageal cancer | miR-26a-5p/CKS2 via MDM2/p53/Bcl2/Bax pathway | KYSE-150, ECA-109 and HEEC | Δ NORAD: ↓ cell proliferation, invasion, migration and ↑ cell apoptosis | Zhang et al., 2020 |
| Oral squamous cell carcinoma | miR-150 | Fadu, SCC-25, CAL-27, Tca8113 and Hs 680.Tg | Δ NORAD: ↓ cell proliferation | Xu F. et al., 2020 |
| Malignant melanoma | miR-205/EGLN2 | A375, WM451, SK-MEL-24, WM35 and HM | Δ NORAD: ↓ cell migration and invasion | Chen Y. et al., 2019 |
| Glioma | AKR1B1 | GSC11, M059J, U251, T98G and A735 | Δ NORAD: ↓ cell proliferation, invasion, migration and ↑ cell apoptosis | Luo et al., 2020 |
| Neuroblastoma | – | SK-N-BE, SMS-KAN, SMS-KCN, CHLA-15, CHLA-122, NBL-W, SK-N-BE, SMS-KANR, SMS-KCNR, CHLA20, CHLA-136 and NBL-WR | NORAD may be able to predict neuroblastoma outcome | Utnes et al., 2019 |
| miR-1443p/HDAC8 | SK-N-SH, IMR-32 and HUVEC | Δ NORAD: ↓ cell proliferation, migration, invasion and ↑ apoptosis, autophagy and doxorubicin resistance | Wang et al., 2020 | |
| Chromosomal instability | SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE (Munschauer et al., 2018) | Δ NORAD: ↑ cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle arrest specially impaired sister chromatid cohesion and segregation | Yu et al., 2020 | |
| Osteosarcoma | miR-199a-3p | Saos-2, 143B, HOS, KHOS/240S, MG-63, U-2OS, SK-ES- and Hs755 | Δ NORAD: ↓ cell proliferation and invasion | Wang et al., 2019 |
| miR-410-3p | HOS/DDP | Δ NORAD: ↓ cell proliferation and ↑ sensitivity to cisplatin | Xie et al., 2020 | |
| miR-155-5p | 143B, HOS, MG63, Saos-2, U2OS, hFOB and HEK-293T | Δ NORAD: ↓ cell proliferation, migration and invasion | Wang Y. et al., 2021 |