TABLE 3.

Outline of studies which assessed function of NORAD in animal models (Δ: knock down or deletion).

Cancer types	Animal models	Function and comment	Ref
Endometrial cancer	Female BALB/c nude mice	Δ NORAD: ↑ Tumor growth	Han et al., 2020
Epithelial ovarian cancer	Adult female athymic nude mice	Δ NORAD: ↓ Tumor volume	Tong et al., 2019
Cervical cancer	Athymic BALB/c mice	Δ NORAD: ↓ Tumor volume and weight	Huo et al., 2018
Breast cancer	Female BALB/c mice	Δ NORAD: ↓ Tumor Growth	Zhou et al., 2019
	male BALB/c-nu/nu nude mice	Δ NORAD: ↓ Tumor Growth	Shi et al., 2021
Prostate cancer	BALB/c-nu mice	Δ NORAD: ↓ bone metastasis	Hu et al., 2021
	BALB/C nude mice	Δ NORAD: ↓ Tumor volume and weight	Zhang and Li, 2020
Gastric cancer	BALB/c nude mice	Δ NORAD: ↓ Tumor volume	Tao et al., 2019
Colorectal cancer	Male BALB/c nude mice	Δ NORAD: ↓ Tumor Growth	Zhang et al., 2018
Hepatocellular carcinoma	Mice	Δ NORAD: ↓ Tumor Growth	Tian et al., 2020
	nude mice	Δ NORAD: ↓ Tumor weight	Yang et al., 2019a
Lung cancer	Male athymic nude BALBC/c	Δ NORAD: ↓ Tumor Growth	Wu Y. et al., 2020
Non-small cell lung cancer	Mice	Δ NORAD: ↓ Tumor weight and volume and metastasis	Wan et al., 2020
Malignant melanoma	Male BALB/c-nu/nu	Δ NORAD: ↓ Tumor Growth	Chen Y. et al., 2019
Neuroblastoma	Flank of mice	Δ NORAD: ↓ Tumor Growth	Wang et al., 2020
Osteosarcoma	Nude female BALB/c mice	Δ NORAD: ↓ Tumor Growth	Wang et al., 2019