Table 1.
Maternal characteristics (n = 148).
| Control | Depressed | SRI-Depressed | SRI-Non-Depressed | Test statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 57) | (n = 42) | (n = 31) | (n = 18) | (p-value) | |
| Maternal age (years) | 32.9 ± 3.5 | 34.5 ± 4.5 | 33.9 ± 5.9 | 35.1 ± 5.1 | F(3, 144) = 1.6 (0.2) |
| Maternal weight at 36-weeks' (kg) | 75.1 ± 9.7 | 81.9 ± 16.0 | 82.5 ± 15.0 | 79.6 ± 9.8 | F(3, 144) = 3.2 (0.02)* |
| Parity | 0 (0, 1) | 0 (0, 1) | 0 (0, 1) | 0 (0, 0) | H(3) = 1.9 (0.6) |
| Education (total years) | 18.7 ± 3.1 | 18.0 ± 3.9 | 17.3 ± 3.6 | 18.3 ± 3.7 | F(3, 144) = 1.1 (0.3) |
| Alcohol during pregnancy (n total drinks)† | 0 (0, 2) | 0 (0, 2) | 0 (0, 2.5) | 1 (0, 4.75) | H(3) = 2.6 (0.5) |
| Smoking during pregnancy (n smoker/n non-smoker) | 0/57 | 1/41 | 1/30 | 1/17 | (0.2) |
| HAM-D at 36-weeks' | 4.7 ± 2.3 | 12.7 ± 4.0 | 13.4 ± 3.1 | 6.0 ± 2.1 | F(3, 144) = 88 (<0.001)*** |
| SRI antidepressants ( n , [dose range]) | |||||
| Citalopram (n = 14) | — | — | 10 [10–60 mg] | 4 [10–50 mg] | — |
| Escitalopram (n = 7) | — | — | 3 [5–20 mg] | 4 [10 mg] | — |
| Fluoxetine (n = 5) | — | — | 2 [20–80 mg] | 3 [20–60 mg] | — |
| Paroxetine (n = 4) | — | — | 3 [20–40 mg] | 1 [30 mg] | — |
| Sertraline (n = 6) | — | — | 4 [50–200 mg] | 2 [75–200 mg] | — |
| Venlafaxine (n = 12) | — | — | 9 [75–262.5 mg] | 3 [75–150 mg] | — |
| Moclobemide‡ (n = 1) | — | — | — | 1 [150 mg] | — |
| Standardized daily SRI dose | — | — | 1.5 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 1.5) | t(47) = 0.9 (0.4) |
| Length of gestational SRI exposure (days) | — | — | 264 ± 36 | 260 ± 48 | t(47) = 0.31 (0.8) |
Continuous variables reported as mean ± SD if normally distributed, or median (first, third quartile) if skewed. Categorical variable reported as total number (n). Test statistics, degrees of freedom, and associated p-values are reported for between-group differences using: one-way ANOVA (F), Kruskal-Wallis test (H), Fisher's Exact test, or two-sample t-test (t), where appropriate. P-value significance levels: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
SRI, serotonin reuptake inhibitor; HAM-D, total score from Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; kg, kilograms; mg, milligrams.
Alcohol during pregnancy represents n total standard drinks consumed during the course of pregnancy (study sample range: 0–52 total drinks).
Reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors included in cohort as “SRI-exposed.”