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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 10.
Published in final edited form as: Immunity. 2021 Aug 3;54(8):1745–1757.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.07.005

Figure 3. EED-associated shifts in the intestinal microbiome are necessary for oral vaccine failure.

Figure 3

A) Schematic of EED protocol, antibiotic treatment and vaccination regime. Mice on ISO or EED protocols were treated with antibiotics for 3 weeks, ending on day 49 when they are orally vaccinated.

B) Numbers of LTA166-176:I-Ab specific CD4+ T cells isolated from the siLP and MLN of mice vaccinated after 3 weeks of treatment with (shaded bars) or without (clear bars) antibiotics. Data points represent a single mouse. Data are pooled from 2 independent experiments (n=3/experiment). Graphs show the mean ±SEM. Statistics calculated by one-way ANOVA (*p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001; ****p ≤ 0.0001).