Table 4.

Cross-sectional associations between yogurt and blood pressure in sample of persons (n = 351) with normal blood pressure. ^a

Parameter	Model	b	95% CI		β	R²	p
			Lower	Upper

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	1	−0.57	−1.51	0.37	−0.83	0.00	0.23
	2	−0.59	−1.54	0.35	−0.87	0.03	0.22
	3	0.12	−0.78	1.01	0.17	0.20	0.80
	4	0.41	−0.51	1.33	0.60	0.22	0.38
	5	0.73	−0.17	1.62	1.07	0.30	0.11
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	1	−0.45	−1.04	0.15	−0.66	0.01	0.14
	2	−0.37	−0.98	0.23	−0.54	0.02	0.23
	3	0.02	−0.58	0.62	0.03	0.10	0.95
	4	0.08	−0.55	0.70	0.11	0.12	0.81
	5	0.22	−0.40	0.84	0.33	0.16	0.48
Pulse pressure (mmHg)	1	−0.12	−0.80	0.57	−0.17	0.00	0.73
	2	−0.22	−0.91	0.46	−0.33	0.04	0.52
	3	0.10	−0.52	0.71	0.14	0.28	0.76
	4	0.33	−0.29	0.96	0.49	0.32	0.30
	5	0.50	−0.12	1.12	0.74	0.37	0.11
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	1	−0.49	−1.14	0.16	−0.72	0.01	0.14
	2	−0.45	−1.11	0.22	−0.65	0.02	0.19
	3	0.05	−0.60	0.70	0.07	0.12	0.88
	4	0.19	−0.49	0.86	0.28	0.14	0.59
	5	0.39	−0.27	1.05	0.58	0.21	0.24

Models are: 1, yogurt (never, < 1 time per week, 1 time per week, 2–4 times per week, 5–6 times per week, ≥ 1 time per day); 2, model 1 + cottage cheese (servings per day), cakes/pudding/pie (servings per day), ice cream (servings per day); 3, model 2 + age, gender, education; 4, model 3 + recommended food score (RFS), physical activity (MET hours), alcohol (g wk⁻¹), total intake (serves per day), cigarettes (per week); 5, model 4 + diabetes (yes/no), tHCY (μmol L⁻¹), antihypertensive medications (yes/no), triglycerides (mg dL⁻¹), glucose (mg dL⁻¹), HDL (mg dL⁻¹), BMI (kg m⁻²), cholesterol medication (yes/no). R² value represents overall model R²; p-value is for the effect of yogurt (not the overall model).