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. 2021 Aug 15;78(4):1067–1079. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17567

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© 2021 The Authors.

Hypertension is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is noncommercial, and no modifications or adaptations are made.

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Figure 3. — sFLT1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1) inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell degradation during spiral artery remodeling. A, At 14.5 days postconception (dpc; B) and 18.5 dpc luminal/total vessel area ratio was decreased upon hsFLT1 (human sFLT1) overexpression (preeclampsia homozygous for hsFLT1 and wild type for rtTA, homozygous for hsFLT1 and heterozygous for rtTA, homozygous for hsFLT1 and homozygous for rtTA) compared with controls (Ctrl/doxycycline [Dox] Ctrl) in decidua and mesometrial triangle (MT). C, Anti-αSMA (α-smooth muscle actin) stained spiral artery in both compartments at 14.5 dpc and (E) at 18.5 dpc; scale bar: 100 µm; arrows = αSMA-positive cells. D, Quantification of αSMA-positive cells revealed persisted vascular smooth muscle cells upon hsFLT1 induction (PE wt, het, and hom) compared with Ctrl (Ctrl/Dox Ctrl), in the MT at 14.5 dpc, (F) and 18.5 dpc. Data are presented as box plot with median, interquartile range±upper/lower extreme; sample size n is listed under each graph respectively; Kruskal-Wallis combined with Dunn multiple comparisons test; *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001.